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Social Studies Exam Review 2012 What was the main advantage of the South in the Civil War? The strong support of its white population. In boomtowns, people who dealt out their own brand of justice without benefit of judge or jury were called Vigilantes The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free state in the Senate was the Missouri Compromise Railroad construction was made possible by government financial aid and land grants called subsidies What railroad connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts? Transcontinental railroad Which of the following marked the end of the Cattle Kingdom? Price collapse of mid-1880’s One of the greatest dangers of a cattle drives was The stampede The first college in the United States to admit women and African Americans was Oberlin College of Ohio The first president of the Confederate States of America was Jefferson Davis Where was the first major battle of the Civil War? Bull Run ( Manassas) What government agency set up schools and helped formerly enslaved African Americans in the South? Freedmen’s Bureau Which invention filled the need for a method of communication that kept up with the industrial growth and fast-paced travel? Telegraph What did John Deere invent in 1837? The steel-tipped plow An invention that ensured that raising wheat would remain the main economic activity in the Midwestern prairies was the The mechanical reaper To improve their working conditions, workers formed organizations called Trade Unions People opposed to immigration were known as Nativists What kept the price of cotton high in the years before 1860? Demand in Great Britain Who was the religious leader who led a slave revolt in 1831? Nat Turner Who was the school teacher who helped reform attitudes toward the mentally ill? Dorothea Dix People who stressed the relationship between human and nature and the importance of the individual conscience were called Transcendentalist By 1830, the most pressing social issue for reformers was the antislavery movement Many leading abolitionist were involved in the antislavery movement and Women’s rights Elizabeth Blackwell made contributions in the field of medicine An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country is called sectionalism The law that required all citizens to catch runaway enslaved people was the Fugitive Slave Act What act did Sam Houston predict would “convulse the country from Maine to the Rio Grande”? Kansas-Nebraska Act Rival proslavery and antislavery existed in Kansas What Supreme Court decision meant that the Constitution protected slavery? The Dred Scott Case The first state to vote to secede was South Carolina Southerners justified secession with the theory of States rights The event that marked the beginning of the Civil War was the shelling of Fort Sumter Perhaps the most important border state was Maryland For the South, the primary aim of the was to win recognition as as an independent nation. The victorious Confederate army was only 20 miles from Washington D.C., after the second battle at Bull Run (Manassas) The single bloodies day of the entire war took place at Antietam From the start of the war, the North’s main goal was to preserve the Union What law did Abraham Lincoln formally sign on January 1, 1863, which freed enslaved African Americans in the Confederacy? Emancipation Proclamation The law that required men between certain ages to serve in the army for three years was called the draft President Abraham Lincoln’s address at what battlefield helped war-weary Americans focus on their shared ideals? Gettysburg General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Courthouse The period of rebuilding the South after the Civil War was called Reconstruction African Americans were helped to make the transition to freedom by the Freedmen’s Bureau African Americans were granted full citizenship by the Civil Rights Act of 1866 All individuals born in the United States were granted full citizenship by the Fourteenth Amendment When President Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act, the House of Representatives voted to impeach What amendment gave African Americans men the right to vote? Fifteenth Amendment What did African Americans see as an important step to a better life? education What ended Reconstruction? The Compromise of 1877 As a means of keeping poor people and African Americans from voting, many Southern states required A poll tax, a literacy test or proof that “your” grandfather voted.