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Shabbat: Sabbath, the day of rest. It is the most sacred day of the week for Jews. It begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sundown on Saturday. Passover (Pesach): Is the holiday in which Jews recall and celebrate the being freed from slavery in Egypt. The meal that is eaten during this holiday is called the seder. Rosh Hashanah: It is the Jewish New Year and the first day of Awe. It is a solemn day where people are to reflect on when they were not as good as they should have been. Yom Kippur: The Day of Atonement. This is the holiest day of the year. Jews are to spend the day asking for forgiveness for the sins they committed in the previous year. It is also the last day of Awe Hannukah: The Jewish festival of lights. It is the day they recall the miracle of the candle staying lit for 8 days and the victory of the Maccabees. Circumcision: Performed on the eighth day of life. It is to mark the boy’s entering into the people of the covenant. It is called the bris Bar Mitzvah: a boy becoming a man at age 13 Bat Mitzvah: a girl becoming a woman of the community at age 13 Marriage: Jewish people are strongly encouraged to get married and have families. The couple gets married under a canopy or Huppah, the recite seven blessings and at the end the couple steps on and breaks a wine glass. Death: When a family member dies, the family state a special prayer for the dead called the Kaddish. Also, there is a week of sitting shiva. For seven days after the burial, the family of the deceased follows a practice of intense mourning. They are to wear “sombre” clothing, cover the mirrors and not wear shoes. The Torah: it is the first five books of the Bible; also called the Pentateuch (meaning five books). Torah means “law”. a) Genesis: The stories of the beginnings of the Jewish people and creation. The word means “beginnings” b) Exodus: The story of Moses freeing the Jews from slavery in Egypt and the receiving of the commandments. The word means “to exit”. c) Leviticus: A book listing all of the priestly laws d) Numbers: The wandering of the 12 tribes in the wilderness. e) Deuteronomy: It is a “repetition of the law” (thus the reason for being Called deuteronomy (a word meaning second law). The Tanak: Is the name of the Jewish Bible (what we call the “Old Testament”. It is given this name because the three parts of the Bible are 1. The Law (Torah) 2. The Prophets (Neviim) 3. The Writings (Ketuvim) Mishnah: The oral laws (Halakhah) of Judaism written down. The Talmud: This is a book of all the interpretations of the Mishnah. The two important places of worship for the Jews are: 1. The Home 2. The Synagogue Orthodox: They observe all the ancient rules and practices. They want to Avoid “watering down” the Jewish faith. They believe the Torah is a gift from God given to Moses on Mount Sinai. Men and women do not sit together in the synagogue. Hasidism: A form of Orthodox Judaism, the follow the Torah as God’s word and are very conservative in the way they dress and live. They have very strong community ties. Conservative Judaism: They follow many but not all of the 613 commandments. They have attempted to be the medium between the too strict and the not strict enough (the Orthodox and the Reform). Men and women can sit together in the synagogue and women can in some congregations be ordained as Rabbis. The needs of the community and its Jewish identity always come before individual wants and needs. Reform Judaism: Interpret the scripture with modern methods. They are less concerned with traditional laws like the kosher laws and purity laws. Individualism is encouraged which stresses that each person must decide what beliefs and practices are key to his or her spiritual life. They often accept secular moral values (values of their society as opposed to their Jewish tradition). Holocaust: The systematic killing of over 6 million Jews in the 1930s-40s Also called the Sho’ah ( a word meaning calamity) Messiah: The anointed one or chosen one Diaspora: the scattering of Jews outside of Israel. Zionism: Strong support for the state of Israel in late 19th century Shofar: A ram’s horn blown during Rosh Hashanah. Mitzvah: Commandments Mezuzah: A container that holds the Shema and placed on the right hand doorpost of a room. Shema: Prayer said in the morning and at night; “Hear o Israel the Lord our God, the Lord is one”. Yarmulke: Skull cap is worn Tallith (or tallit): prayer shawl is worn Tefillin: Small containers worn on the head and one on the left arm . They contain scrolls of Biblical text.