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ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY ST 110 Concorde Career College, Portland OBJECTIVES Define and contrast the terms organ and organ systems List the 11 major organ systems of the body Identify the major organs of each major organ system Identify the primary functions of each system Identify and discuss the major subdivisions of the reproductive system What is an Organ? An organ is a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues Organized to perform a complex function A System is……… A group of organs arranged to perform a more complex function How many major ORGAN Systems does the human body have? 11 11 Organ Systems are…. 1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Circulatory 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10.Urinary 11.Reproductive INTEGUMENTARY Primary Function = Protection • Prevents water loss and invasion of foreign microorganisms into the body •Regulates body temperature •Houses sensory receptors •Components include skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands SKELETAL Primary Function = Support and Protection • Attachment points for muscles •Produces blood cells •Stores inorganic salts/minerals •Composed of bones, joints, ligaments, cartilage MUSCULAR Primary Function = Movement & Locomotion • Produces body heat •Maintains posture •Provides support •Consists of muscles and tendons *tendons attach muscle to bone* NERVOUS Primary Function = Coordinates and controls actions of internal organs and systems Memory, learning and conscious thought Maintains autonomic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and involuntary muscle actions Components are brain, spinal cord, associated nerves ENDOCRINE Primary Function = Communicates with nervous system to control activity of internal organs • Secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction •Consists of pituitary gland, pineal gland, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland CIRCULATORY Primary Function = Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, immune components, hormones • Defends the body by removing microorganisms from tissue fluid •Works with lymphatic system •Components are heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood *also called cardiovascular system* LYMPHATIC Primary Function = Part of the circulatory system that transports excess fluids to and from the circulatory system and carries lipids from digestive organs • Helps defend the body against infection •Components are lymph nodes, vessels, thymus, spleen IMMUNE (LYMPHATIC) Primary Function = Defends the body from microorganisms and viruses as well as cancer cell growth •Lymphatic and immune system are one in the same •Provides cells that aid in protection of the body from disease though antigenantibody response RESPIRATORY Primary Function = Moves oxygen from external to internal • Removes carbon dioxide •Maintains blood pH •Consists of nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (larnx=voice box) *know trachea and esophagus DIGESTIVE Primary Function = Digests and turns food into nutrients • Chemical and mechanical breakdown breaks food into particles small enough to pass through bloodstream •Eliminates solid waste •Recycles water •Retains vitamins from food into large intestine •Components are mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine URINARY Primary Function = Regulates fluid volume and electrolytes • Removes organic waste from blood •Consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters •Flow of urine=kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethera REPRODUCTIVE Male Primary Function = Produce hormones that aid in sexual development and reproduction • Consists of scrotum, testes, penis, epididymides, vas deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, urethra REPRODUCTIVE Primary Function = Produce hormones that aid in sexual development and reproduction • Comprised of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands HOMEOSTASIS • homeo = same •stasis = standing still •A major function in homeostasis is heat control which involves integration of integumentary, muscular, nervous, and circulatory systems •Hypothalamus in your brain acts as a thermostat, just like the thermostat in your house HOMEOSTASIS Feedback systems •Negative Feedback = Causes the reverse of the response. Example: In high blood pressure the blood vessels sense resistance of blood flow, blood vessels tell the brain, brain tells the heart and blood vessels, blood vessels dilate (vasodilatation) which causes the blood pressure to fall back to normal. HOMEOSTASIS Feedback Systems •Positive Feedback = Increases or accelerates the response. Example: During uterine contractions, oxytocin is produced, which causes an increase in frequency and strength of uterine contractions, which in turn produces more oxytocin. Terms • • • • • • • AppendicitisTestesOvariesHypoplasia AplasiaAtrophyDysplasia- • Appendectomy• Angiomegaly• Approximation*know terms on pg. 66 table 4-1*