Download Respiratory System

Respiratory
System
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• Oxygen is used in your body to use
glucose to make ATP (energy
currency)
• Carbon dioxide must be removed
from the body because it is toxic.
• Air enters through the nasal
cavity.
• There are hairs in the nose that
warm and filter the air before it
enters the system.
• Tissues that line the nasal cavity
moisten the air.
• From the nose, the air passes
through the pharynx (passageway
for food and air)
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• From the pharynx, the air passes
through the larynx (the voice box)
• The epiglottis covers the larynx
when food is consumed so that it
does not enter the larynx.
• From the larynx, the air passes
into the trachea (windpipe) which
divides into 2 bronchi that lead
right into the lungs.
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• In the lungs, the bronchi divide into
smaller and smaller tubes (bronchioles)
• The smallest bronchioles end in
clusters of air sacs (alveoli) where gas
exchange actually occurs.
• The bronchi and trachea are lined with
mucous membranes; the mucous is
pushed upward and swallowed on a
regular basis.
• Any microbes in the mucous are killed
by the acid in the stomach.
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• At the base of the lungs there is a
muscle spanning the rib cage (the
diaphragm)
• When inhalation occurs, the
diaphragm contracts, moving
downward (rib muscles also help in
this process)
• Exhalation is passive - the
diaphragm relaxes, pushing the air
out.
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Control of breathing
• Receptors in the brain monitor the
levels of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood.
• Carbon dioxide has a greater
effect on breathing rate because
it is toxic.
• If you were exercising, the levels
of carbon dioxide increase so
breathing rate increases.
• The signals that travel from the
brain are not voluntary.
• The breath can be held for a
period of time, but the brain will
override it when the levels of
carbon dioxide rise.
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Oxygen Transport
• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin
that contains four atoms of iron
(gives it the red color)
• The binding is reversible, which
means it can unbind to the
hemoglobin if the body needs it.
• Oxygen reaches the lungs where it
diffuses into the capillaries and
travels to the heart.
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• The tissues of the body have a low
oxygen level, so when the blood arrives
at the tissues, the oxygen diffuses into
the tissues.
• Carbon dioxide is higher at the tissues,
so it diffuses into the blood.
• Carbon dioxide travels to the heart as
bicarbonate (safer)
• The blood travels to the lungs where it
is expelled.
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Carbon dioxide
• CO2 is carried as bicarbonate (30%
amounts dissolved in the plasma or
attached to hemoglobin)
• When CO2 meets water, it forms
carbonic acid - this is not safe to travel
in the blood.
• It breaks up to form bicarbonate to
travel through the body (decreases pH)
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• http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/scien
ce/humanbio/q3/typednotes/Respirato
rySystemAnatomyNotes.htm
• http://www.beltina.org/healthdictionary/bronchus-definitionfunction.html
• http://questionfiller.blogspot.com/
• http://catalog.nucleusinc.com/generate
exhibit.php?ID=785
• http://www.masimo.com/hemoglobin/an
emia.htm
• http://diatronic.co.uk/nds/webpub/car
bon_dioxide.htm
• http://schoolworkhelper.net/2010/07/
oxygen-carbon-transport/