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Download End of Year Review - Saint Paul Public Schools
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End of Year Review Principles of Biomedical Sciences Endocrine System • • • • System of “glands” Hormones are produced and released Hormones travel through bloodstream Hormones act as chemical messengers by binding to cells • Example: insulin binds to cells which allows glucose to be moved out of the blood and into the cells Endocrine System QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Respiratory System • Oxygen passes through pharynx and larynx (voice box) and down trachea • Trachea branches into bronchial tubes • Lungs are filled with millions of alveoli • Oxygen leaves alveoli and passes into blood and goes to the heart (left atrium) • Carbon dioxide leaves blood and goes into alveoli and is breathed out QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Endocrine: glands, hormones, chemical messengers Cardiovascular: blood from heart through arteries and back to heart through veins (collects oxygen from the lungs and delivers oxygen to ALL cells and picks up carbon dioxide from ALL cells) Respiratory: breathe` air into trachea, into bronchial tubes into lungs into alveoli (air sacs) - oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out of blood Digestive: esophagus, stomach, small intestine (small int. is where food is broken down and put into the blood), large intestine (waste out) ALL CELLS get energy from food (glucose, amino acids) which is carried in blood Immune: white blood cells, lymph nodes, kill microbes and cancer Nervous: neurons (nerves) send and receive messages / muscles need to receive a nerve impulse in order to work! Urinary: kidneys, bladder - filter blood (water, salt and urea = Blood • Red blood cells outnumber white blood cells 1,000:1 • Red blood cells = 5,000,000 cu ml compared to 7,000 white blood cells • Blood is “connective tissue” (has extracellular matrix) • Red Blood Cells = erthythrocytes • White Blood Cells = leukocytes • Platelets = blood clotting cells • r.b.c. and w.b.c. and platelets are formed in the bone marrow Heart Tissue Types • What is a tissue? • Cardiac muscle tissue: muscle of heart that contracts! • Nervous tissue: stimulates cardiac muscle to contract • Connective tissue: blood is a type of connective tissue (cells within a loose matrix) Feedback Loops • Negative versus positive! • Type 1 Diabetes is a negative feedback loop. Describe this with a partner Macromolecules • What is the main source of energy in the body? • Where is this energy stored? Viruses • Non-living (not cells) • Carries DNA or RNA (what type of macromolecule is this?) • DNA or RNA can mutate • Viruses are specific • Mutations can cause virus to change its host! • “bird flu” moves to humans, etc.
