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Today:
Circulation and Respiration
Sources of transported
material
B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO2, water,
minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
Fig
42.17
Fig 42.6
B-cells, Tcells,
antibodies,
nutrients,
waste, O2,
CO2, water,
minerals, etc
must be
transported
throughout
the body
Fig 42.6
Mammals have
two ciculatory
circuits:
pulmonary and
systemic
Fig
42.10
Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to
veins
Capillaries
provide the
large surface
area required
for these
exchanges to
take place.
Fig 42.11
Blood
pressure
changes as
the blood
moves from
arteries to
capillaries
This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out
of the capillaries
Fig 42.16
High
pressure,
Fluid forced out
Interstitial fluid,
Recovered by…
Blood in vein,
More viscous
Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on
the venous side. This interstitial fluid is
collected by the lymphatic system.
Fig 42.16
Lymphatic
system
Fig 43.7
Because of the low pressure
in veins and lymph vessels,
movement of these fluids
comes from skeletal
muscles movements.
Fig 42.14
The mammalian
circulatory
system is both
open and closed
Fig 42.3
The mammalian circulatory system is both
open and closed
Fig 42.3
The mammalian
circulatory
system is both
open and closed
Fig 42.3
Nutrients,
Waste, O2,
CO2, Water,
Minerals, etc
must be
transported
throughout
the body
Fig 42.28
Gases move by diffusion:
Only from high to low
concentration
Hb is carried
inside red
blood cells
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
(a protein)
carries
oxygen in
the blood
Fig 42.24
The Respiratory
System:
large surface area
to maximize gas
exchange
~100m2 in
humans
Fig 42.24
Gas exchange
occurs in
alveoli
In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood, and
CO2 diffuses out into the lungs.
How is oxygen delivered to where it is
needed?
By adjusting blood
flow…
Fig 42.15
By changes in blood pH
Fig 42.30
Cell
O2
Fig 42.30
Blood
O2 Hb in RBC
Cellular
Respiration
CO2
Low CO2
High O2
CO2
Hb in RBC
O2
O2
Lung
Cell
O2
Cellular
Respiration
CO2
Fig 42.30
Blood
O2 Hb in RBC
CO2+H2O
=H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
Low CO2
High O2
(less
CO2
carbonic acid)
Hb in RBC
O2
O2
Lung
Changes in
blood pH,
change
binding
affinity of
hemoglobin
Fig 42.29b
Cell
O2
Cellular
Respiration
CO2
Fig 42.30
Blood
O2
Hb releases
O2 at lower pH
CO2+H2O
=H2CO3
(carbonic acid)
Low CO2
High O2
CO2
(less
carbonic acid)
Hb can
bind O2 O
2
O2
Lung
Mammalian lung function
Fig 42.25
Avian lung function...
Fig 42.26
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