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Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 13 Upper Respiratory Tract • Air enters nose then nasal cavities • Nasal cavity has ridges – conchae • Ridges have mucous - cleanse dust particles and cause turbulence in air flow • Hairs prevent large particles from entering nose • Air in lungs saturated with water vapor and warmed to body temp. Pharynx • air passes into pharynx from nasal cavity • passageway for both food and air • Tonsils located here • Lower portion called glottis – opening to larynx • Epiglottis – flap of tissue that covers glottis during swallowing Larynx • voice box or Adam’s apple • Vocal cords are attached (2) – elastic ligaments • Greater air pressure = louder sound • Glottis changes shape – different qualities of voice Lower Respiratory Tract Trachea • Slightly flat tube • Heimlich maneuver – forcibly raises diaphragm to dislodge food • Esophagus – lies just behind trachea • Esophagus will enlarge against trachea – discomfort swallowing Your trachea is held open large food by “incomplete rings of cartilage.” External structure - lungs • Cone shape • Pleural portion of thoracic cavity • Apex – upper border – above clavicle • Enclosed by thoracic cavity • External area indented to allow space for heart Bronchi • Trachea divides into 2 tubes - primary bronchi, mucous lined • Bronchi divide into secondary bronchi • These divide into bronchioles then alveoli • Estimated ~ 300 million in both lungs Internal Structure - lungs • Bronchioles and alveoli - structures within lungs • Divided into superior and inferior lobe • Pleural cavity – space with fluid prevents friction • Right (3 lobes)slightly larger than left(2 lobes) Capillary Here is a close up picture of your Alveoli and a Capillary surrounding it. CO2 is dropped off O2 picked up RBC Lung Volumes • Lungs can hold up to 5.7 liters – males 4.2 liters – females • Vital capacity – air volume that moves out of lungs in one breath after maximum inhalation • Tidal volume – volume of air flowing into or out of lungs in respiratory cycle. - .5 liters Fun Facts * At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute. * The right lung is slightly larger than the left. * The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. * The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. * The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. * We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass. * A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. * The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.