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THE HUMAN BODY BODY ORGANIZATION TISSUES ORGANS CELLS ORGAN SYSTEMS CELLS Basic Unit of Structure and Function in a Living Thing TISSUES Group of Similar Cells that Perform the Same Function ORGANS A Structure that is Composed Of Different Kinds of Tissues NEXT ORGAN SYSTEMS A Group of Organ that Work Together to Perform a Major Function TYPES OF ORGAN SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY • • • • • • Circulatory Digestive Endocrine Excretory Immune Muscular • • • • • Nervous Reproductive Respiratory Skeletal Integumentary SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions: Provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your internal organs, produce blood cells, and stores certain materials until your body needs them • Made of two minerals:phosphorous and calcium • Contains cells and tissue • Cartilage is a connective tissue, flexible then bone (found on tip of nose and on ears) • Cartilage cover the ends of bones and serves as a cushion to keep from rubbing/ bumping against each other • Joint-place where two bones come together , allows bones to move in different ways (immovable and movable) • Thin, tough membrane cover all the bone except the end • Blood vessel and nerves enter and leave the bone through membrane • Marrow-soft connective tissue within spaces in the bone MUSCULAR SYSTEM Functions: Keeps your heart beating, make a smile, and move the bones of our skeleton About 600 muscles in our body Muscle act voluntary or in voluntary 3 Types of Muscle -Skeletal-attached to the bone of skeleton. Tendon is a tissue that attach muscle to bone -Smooth-involuntary muscle, help in the digestion process -Cardiac-involuntary, they do not get tired. EX. heart beats Skeletal muscle work in pairs Integumentary System Skin, Hair, Nails Function-covers the body and prevent loss of water, protect body from injury and infection, maintain temperature, eliminates waste, gathers information from environment and produce vitamin D • Skin is made up of two layer. Epidermis the top layer and dermis the bottom layer • Pores- opening through which sweat reaches the surface of the skin • Follicle-structure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows • Protect the skin by avoiding too much sunlight. Eating properly, and drinking water. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Function: breaks down food into molecules that the body can use. Molecules are absorbed through the blood. Then waste is eliminated from the body. • 2 types of Digestion -Mechanical - food is physically broken down into smaller pieces -Chemical - chemical produce by the body breaks the food into small building blocks • Absorption- process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function: Carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells • Consist of heart, blood vessel, and blood • The system is a disease fighter because it sends cells to attack diseasecausing microorganism • Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets • Lymphatic system is a network of veins that returns fluid back to the bloodstream RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Function: Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. It also removes water and carbon dioxide from the body • Respiration is the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells • You breathe about 20,0000 breaths on an average daily • Our larynx (voice box) and our two vocal cord helps us to speak EXCRETORY / URINARY SYSTEM Function: Collects waste produced by cells and remove the waste from the body • The removal process is called excretion • Consist of Kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra, lungs, skin, and liver • Nephrons are tiny structures that remove waste from blood and produce urine IMMUNE SYSTEM Function: Cells of the immune system work together to combat infection • Infectious diseases are caused by pathogen (Organism that cause disease) -bacteria -fungi -viruses -protist • Disease are spread person-to-person, animal bites, or by pathogen naturally in the environment • Our skin, breathing passages, mouth, and stomach are barriers that keep pathogens out • White blood cells, T-cells, and B-cell helps our body to combat diseases in our body NERVOUS SYSTEM Function: Receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body . Also, it directed the way in which your body respond to this information. Help to you to move, think, and taste • Stimulus-a change in an organism’s environment that make it react • Response-what your body does in reaction to the stimulus • Nervous system maintain homeostasis by directing the body to respond appropriately to the information it receives. • 3 Kinds of neuron -sensory-picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimuli into a nerve impulse -interneuron-neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another -motor-sends an impulse to the muscle, and the muscle contract in response ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Function: Controls many of the body’s daily activities as well as long term changes such as development • Hormones-a chemical product of a endocrine gland that speeds up or slows down the activity of an organ or tissue • Hypothalamus – A tiny part of the brain that links the nervous system and endocrine system • Pituitary gland-communicates with the hypothalamus to control many body activities REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Function: Male-to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone, Female-to produce eggs, and if egg is fertilized nourish a developing baby until birth • When a egg becomes fertilized by sperm it called an zygote, then develop into an embryo, than into a fetus • Birth of a baby takes places in three stages: labor, delivery, after birth • Puberty is a period of sexual development in which the body becomes able to reproduce