Download INTRODUCTION TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2.2 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Function

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the Red blood cells and the lungs

The circulatory system transports the oxygen and
carbon dioxide to and from the rest of the body
cells
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Nasal passage
Mouth
Larynx
12
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Trachea
Lung
Right Bronchus
Left Bronchus
Bronchiole
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Function of the Parts
Nasal Passage/Mouth – warms the air as it enters the body
Epiglottis: flap of tissue that divides the respiratory system
digestive system
Pharynx: collects the warmed air
Larynx: contains the vocal chords that vibrate to make sound as
air is pushed out from the lungs
Diaphragm: a muscle that helps to change the pressure inside
the lungs during inhalation and exhalation
Function of Parts Continued….
Trachea: smooth muscle reinforced by cartilage rings. It is the
main tube that directs air into or out of the lungs. This tube
branches into smaller tubes within the lungs.
a) Bronchus (bronchi): one of two large branches
into lungs
b) Bronchioles: any of the tiny branches into which a
bronchi divides
Alveoli: sacs that fill with oxygen when we breath in and
carbon dioxide when we breath out. They are the site of
gas exchange between the lungs and the circulatory
system.
Lining of the Tract

The interior lining of the
respiratory system is covered in
cilia (hair-like structures)

Cilia trap debris you breathe in

Mucous secreted by cells collect
the debris together (what do you
think “snot” is?) so that body can
get rid of it via sneezing (from your
nose), coughing (from your lungs)
Alveoli
Capillary
From the
Pulmonary
Artery of the
heart
To the
Pulmonary
Vein of the
heart



Are like a balloon and are composed of a membrane
that is kept moist within the lung
Oxygen dissolves into the thin layer of liquid that sits
on the inside of the sac
The sac is covered by tiny capillaries so the oxygen
can move into the bloodstream
INHALATION
“Breathing in”




Oxygen enters the
lungs
Chest volume is large
Ribs move up and out
Diaphragm contracts
and pushes down
EXHALATION
“Breathing out”




Carbon dioxide exits the
lungs
Chest volume is small
Ribs move down and in
Diaphragm relaxes and
pushes up
Inhalation
Air RUSHES in
*pressure is lower inside the lungs that outside
Exhalation
Air RUSHES out
*pressure is higher inside the lungs that outside
Review Questions:
1)
Why are cilia important in the respiratory system?
2)
People that smoke often have trouble breathing. What
part of the respiratory system do you think is affected by
smoking and how does it affect your ability to breathe?
3)
Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are
exchanged.
4)
What is the difference between inhalation and
exhalation and how does each work?