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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RESPIRATION Respiration • supply O2 to & remove CO2 from all body cells 3 main stages: RESPIRATION 1. Breathing Inspiration - taking air into the lungs Expiration - removing air from the lungs 2.External Respiration • exchange of O2 & CO2 between air and blood. RESPIRATION 3. Internal Respiration • exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood and cells Cellular Respiration • chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria to release energy from glucose GAS EXCHANGE 3 requirements: 1. surface area must be large enough to occur very rapidly. 2. must take place in a moist environment 3. diffusion gradient must be maintained (move from higher conc to lower conc) GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS • respiratory pearson.notebook HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Organs work together to move gases in and out of body NASAL CAVITY • air enters nostrils or mouth • warmed and moistened in nasal cavity • passes through pharynx (throat), where the nasal cavity meets the oral cavity (for food) PHARYNX • the glottis is the opening of the trachea (windpipe) that leads air to the lungs. • trachea is protected by the epiglottis, which prevents food from entering LARYNX • larynx (voice box) is a small opening in the trachea controlled by muscles. • contains the vocal cords which vibrate to produce sounds. • pitch is determined by the length of the cord. TRACHEA & BRONCHI • trachea supported by rings of cartilage -keep it from collapsing • branches into two forks called bronchi (now in lungs) • each bronchus branches into smaller bronchioles ALVEOLI • Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs, called alveoli. Gas exchange occurs in each alveolus. • surrounded by a network of capillaries which allow CO2 and O2 to diffuse. LUNGS • • • • right lung has 3 lobes left lung has 2 lobes heart fits between surrounded by layers of tissue called pleura, (allows them to expand and retract)