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Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Traits of the Animal Kingdom: • All animals are •Multicellular •Eukaryotic •Heterotrophic 5/24/2017 There are 9 phyla (pleural for phylum) in the Animal Kingdom and two subphyla: Subphyla: 1. Invertebrates: -an animal that lacks a backbone or notochord. Use this slide-97% for longer of all animals are titles invertebrates. 5/24/2017 Invertebrate subphyla is divided into 8 phylum: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 5/24/2017 Porifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Arthropods Mollusks Annelids Echinoderms Subphyla: 1. Vertebrates: -an animal that has a backbone or spinal column. -3% of all animals are vertebrates. 5/24/2017 The Vertebrate subphyla contains only one phylum: 1. Chordates This phylum is divided into 7 classes. 1.Jawless fish 2. Cartilage fish 3. Boney fish 4. Amphibians 5. Reptiles 6. Aves 7. Mammals 5/24/2017 Hyperlink Body Plans found within the Animal Kingdom Asymmetrical: -has no definite shape 5/24/2017 Symmetrical: -arrangement of body parts around a center point. -Two types: -Radial symmetry -Bilateral symmetry 5/24/2017 Radial Symmetry: Radial means… Round -Can be divided into similar pieces by passing through many points. 5/24/2017 Bilateral symmetry: Bi means……… Two Lateral means… Line Can be divided into two similar halves when a line is drawn through a specific point. 5/24/2017 What are we????????????? 5/24/2017 A quick review of body plans………. 5/24/2017 Anatomy Orientation: (Horse Sheet) Dorsal: Back area Cranial/Cephalic Ventral: Belly area Anterior: Front or head area Posterior: Back or tail end Lateral: Side 5/24/2017 Caudal/Anal Essential Functions for all organisms: • • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Respiration Feeding/Digestive System Response/Nervous System Circulatory System Reproduction System Excretory System Movement 5/24/2017 This leads to diversity in all living organisms FEEDING: -all animals are heterotrophic - must obtain their food from another source. Types of feeding: Herbivore: Eats only plants Carnivores: Eats only animals 5/24/2017 Omnivores: Eats both plants and animals. Filter Feeders: Do not move Must filter out food from water Detritovores: Eat dead and decaying plants and animals Parasites: Feed off another organism (host) and harms the host. 5/24/2017 Types of Digestive Systems: Simplest: Two way digestive system Enters and exits out the same opening. 5/24/2017 More complex system: One way digestive system Enters and exits out different openings. 5/24/2017 Respiratory System: All animals must: -take in oxygen -give off carbon dioxide Small and aquatic (water) animals must: -respire through moist skin -called cutaneous respiration Larger animals: -have various forms of complex modes of respiration 5/24/2017 Circulatory System: Used to transport items throughout the body. -oxygen -carbon dioxide -food molecules Small aquatic organisms simply transport items from water into their body by diffusion. 5/24/2017 Two types of circulatory systems: Open Circulatory Systems -Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels. -One or more hearts or heart-like organs pump blood through vessels into surrounding tissues. 5/24/2017 Closed Circulatory Systems -A heart or heart like organ forces blood through vessels that extend throughout the body. -Closed circulatory systems are characteristic of larger, more active animals. 5/24/2017 Excretory System: To rid the body of toxic, nitrogenous cellular waste -main nitrogenous waste is ammonia -ammonia must be eliminated OR -convert ammonia into a less toxic substance that can then be removed. 5/24/2017 Response : Receptors used for detecting touch, sound and light. -utilizes the nervous system Some organisms have netlike arrangement of nerve nets which consist of individual nerve cells 5/24/2017 Cephalization: -concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body forming a “head region”. 5/24/2017 Movement: -some animals are sessile - nonmoving -most are mobile -uses a set of muscles to coordinate the motion. -muscles must be attached to the skeletal system. 5/24/2017 Types of skeletal systems: Exoskeletons -An external skeleton - is a hard body covering - made up of chitin. 5/24/2017 Endoskeleton: -Is a structural support located inside the body. 5/24/2017 Reproduction: -Most animals reproduce sexually -requires what two things? -sperm -egg 5/24/2017 Two types of sexual reproduction: 1. Internal Fertilization: 5/24/2017 2. External Fertilization: FISH 5/24/2017 Frogs 5/24/2017 Hydra and Planarians: Some simpler animals may reproduce asexually -one organism divides into 2 new identical organisms. 5/24/2017 Hermaphrodites: Some organisms are hermaphrodites. -one organism has both male and female organs and sex cells. 5/24/2017