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The Respiratory System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2OcGgJbiUk&feature=fvwp http://www.fossweb.com/modules3-6/LivingSystems/activities/circulation.swf The respiratory system is responsible for providing the oxygen needed by the body and for removing the carbon dioxide produced as your body uses energy for growth, repair and movement. Respiratory System Members • Nose • Mouth • Trachea (windpipe) • Bronchi (sin.: Bronchus) • Lungs • diaphragm Air travels from: Nose or Mouth >> Pharynx >>Trachea >> Bronchi >>Smaller Branches >> Tiny air sacs (alveoli) Cilia • Cilia (hair-like projection) of many epithelial cells help move mucus produced by epithelial tissue which line the trachea and bronchi. Cilia also filter out any foreign material that might enter the system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=sU_8juD3YzQ Gas exchange • Air is a mixture with 21% Oxygen The respiratory system relies on the circulatory system to distribute oxygen to the cells and to remove carbon dioxide. Gas Exchange • The alveoli have very thin walls. • Each alveoli is surrounded by a network of capillaries. • Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through two thin walls: the walls of alveoli, and the walls of capillaries. • The oxygen rich blood then goes back to the heart to be transported to all over the body. Breathing • It is the process of alternately drawing air into the lungs (inhalation) and then pushing air out (exhalation). • The process of breathing involves the rib cage, rib muscles, and the diaphragm. • The diaphragm is a large sheet of muscle underneath the lungs • When the rib muscles and diaphragm contract they move upward and outward and air is pulled into the lungs. • When the rib muscles and diaphragm relax, they move inward and air is pushed out. Control of Breathing • Breathing is involuntary. • You can control it when talking but the involuntary system takes over in a short time. • Breathing is controlled by brain. • As the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood increases, brain signals the rib muscles, diaphragm and the heart to speed up breathing. Diseases of the Respiratory System Diseases of the Respiratory system Tuberculosis - infectious disease, easily passed between people - Caused by bacteria entering your body when you breathe - The bacteria grows in your lungs. If untreated, TB can be fatal. Lung cancer Caused by carcinogens from tobacco smoke in parts of the respiratory system, including lungs, mouth, esophagus, larynx, pancreas and bladder. Symptoms include: Fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness, chest pain Diagnosed with: X-rays SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Caused by viruses Symptoms include: Flu-like symptoms including high fever, shortness of breath, dry cough, sore throat, headache, muscle pain, exhaustion Diagnosed with: X-rays Respiratory Disease • COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. – Asthma - Intermittent airway swelling and mucus production – Emphysema - Some of the tiny alveoli collapse reducing the overall surface area for breathing to occur. – Chronic bronchitis - permanent swelling of tissues lining the airway leading to pathway narrowing and as a result coughing and breathlessness. Respiration of Fish • Oxygen and carbon dioxide is dissolved in water • Most fish exchange dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in water by means of the gills. • Gills are filled with blood vessels, which give gills a bright red colour. • Water taken in continuously through the mouth passes over the gills, where the exchange of gases takes place. • The blood capillaries in the gills take up oxygen from the water and to give up excess carbon dioxide to the water. • The circulatory system then transports the oxygen to all body tissues and picks up carbon dioxide, which is removed from the body through the gills. • The skin of a frog is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as to water. • There are a number of blood vessels near the surface of the skin. • When a frog is underwater, oxygen is transmitted through the skin directly into the bloodstream. • On land, adult frogs use their lungs to breathe.