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Download Date: Notes: The Respiratory System The respiratory and
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Date: __________________ Notes: The Respiratory System The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis. • The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. – _______________________________________________ • – _______________________________________________ – separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs. – Picks up _______________ from inhaled air – Expels ______________________ and ____________ Respiratory System: A Closer Look • A system of ______________________________ conveys air to the lungs • Pathway of air – Air inhaled through the _______________ passes through the _________________ then the _____________ into the ________________, ___________________, __________________, and dead-end __________________, where gas exchange occurs • Other important structures: – Epiglottis • ___________________________ when you swallow in order to _______________________ – Pleural membranes • Two layers surround the lungs and line the rib cage in order to ________________________ • Also plays a ______________________________ – Diaphragm • Large, _____________________ that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities • Important in _______________________ The respiratory system _____________________ into and out of the blood. • The lungs contain the __________________, _________________________, and _____________________. • Millions of __________________ give the lungs a _______________________________. • The alveoli __________________________ from the air you inhale. • The process that ventilates the lungs is __________________, the alternate ______________________ and ___________________________________ • Humans ventilate their lungs by ______________________________________, which __________________________________ • Breathing involves the ___________________ and ___________________________. – Lung volume ______________________ as the rib muscles and diaphragm contract which causes ________________ of air into lungs. Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces • Gas exchange supplies oxygen for ____________________ and ______________ of carbon dioxide • Animals require___________________________________ for adequate diffusion of gases _______________ their _____________ and the ________________________, either air or water Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli. – oxygen diffuses from ______________________________________ – oxygen binds to _____________________ in red blood cells – carbon dioxide diffuses from _____________________________________ Control of Breathing in Humans • In humans, the main breathing control centers are in two regions of the brain, the ___________________________ and the ______________ • The medulla _______________________________________________________________________________ in the cerebrospinal fluid – pH changes are caused by ____________________________ in the blood • The medulla adjusts breathing rate and depth ______________________________________________ • Sensors in the _______________ and _________________________ monitor O2 and CO2 concentrations in the blood • These sensors exert secondary control over breathing
