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Sponges Ryan Baker, Markesh Patel P.3 http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Porifera/Porife PHYLUM Porifera Ryan Baker EXAMPLES Azure vase sponge (Callyspongia plicifera) http://reefguide.org/pixhtml/azurevase2.html Ryan Baker EXAMPLES Variable Boring Sponge (Siphonodictyon coralliphagum) http://reefguide.org/pixhtml/variableboring3.html Ryan Baker EXAMPLES Strawberry Vase Sponge (Mycale laxissima) http://reefguide.org/pixhtml/azurevase2.html Ryan Baker BODY CAVITY • Present • “Spongocoel” • Water passes through pores (“porocytes”) and into the spongocoel http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/1706153.cw/index.html FLOW OF WATER 3) … and out through the osculum (connects spongocel to the environment) 1) Water flows through the porocytes… 2) … into the spongocel … http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/1706153.cw/index.html BODY SYMMETRY NONE or Radial • Most sponges are asymmetrical • However, some may exhibit radial symmetry NERVOUS SYSTEM NONE • No nerve or sensory cells (only multicellular animal) • However: touch/pressure can cause body contraction CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • No true circulatory system, just water flow & amoebocytes • Amoebocytes transport nutrients to other cells http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/1706153.cw/index.html DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Choanocytes (collar cells) create a water current with flagella to trap food particles and ingest with phagocytosis. • Amoebocytes digest and transport nutrients. http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_7/26/6664/1706153.cw/index.html Excretory System None Locomotion/Musculature -Sessile -Sponge larvae use tiny hair structures called cilia to swim until they attach to a surface. (few days) http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/CMD/Pics/LeysLarva.jpg Skeletal Type The Body of a Sponge contains 2 layers of cells Mesohyl – A gelatinous part between the layers of cells contains Amoebocytes-carry nutrients to cell/manufacture skeletal fibers # 1 Spicules made from calcium carbonate/silcia # 2 Spongin = more flexible http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Course s/211L/Porif/%20Porifindx.htm Sensory Structures/Features • None/VERY simple • They may close their ostia if there is too much matter in the water or if it has been touched. Reproduction – All Sponges are Hermaphrodites = male/female and sperm/egg – Gametes come from choanocytes and amoebocytes. Zygote develops in mesohyl – Zygote becomes larvae – Cross Fertilization – Asexual reproduction via Gemmules Gas Exchange • Water flow allows for the sponges to obtain oxygen and remove waste. • They exchange gases mainly by diffusion. (Most efficient way, because they have a large surface area) Other Unique Features • Sponges are known to grow back lost body parts. • All sponges are aquatic. • Collar cells called choanocytes are only found in these kinds of animals. • They are the only animal to use silicon as a support structure. • They are suspension feeders, meaning they capture small food particles suspended in the water. Question #1 Porifera are the only phylum that do not have a(n): a) Digestive system b) Nervous system c) Skeletal system d) Circulatory system Question #1 Porifera are the only phylum that do not have a(n): a) Digestive system b) Nervous system c) Skeletal system d) Circulatory system Question #2 Which of these systems DO Porifera truly have? a) Excretory system b) Nervous system c) Skeletal system d) Circulatory system Question #2 Which of these systems DO Porifera truly have? a) Excretory system b) Nervous system c) Skeletal system d) Circulatory system Question #3 Identify the structure in the picture: a) Spongocoel b) Amoebocyte c) Porocyte d) Osculum Question #3 Identify the structure in the picture: a) Spongocoel b) Amoebocyte c) Porocyte d) Osculum Question #4 Identify the structure in the picture: a) Spongocoel b) Amoebocyte c) Porocyte d) Osculum Question #4 Identify the structure in the picture: a) Spongocoel b) Amoebocyte c) Porocyte d) Osculum