Download Porifera

Sponges
http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim
/Cozapr07/sponges2.jpg
http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/jointplan/presskit/mb/
09white_sponges_dss.jpg
Some Classes of Sponges
 Glass sponges
 Demosponges
 Calcareous sponge
http://www.naturalsciences.org/microsit
es/education/deepsea/images/glass_sp
onge.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7
/77/Barrel6.jpg/250px-Barrel6.jpg
/www.aquaticvideo.com/reef_creatures_
web/pages/tunicate-or-sponge1_jpg.htm&usg
http://scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/upload/2007/0
7/SpongeBob-standup.jpg
Body Cavity+ Symmetry
 No organs, multicellular, and lacks true tissue
 Water is drawn though the sponge though the
spongocoel and then water flows out of a bigger
opening called the osculum.
 Consists of 2 layers of cells separated by mesohyl
which is made from a gelatinous substance.
 Amoebcytes- cells wandering around the mesohyl with
psuedopodia.
 No Coelom(coelom is an air filled body cavity)
 No definite body symmetry- asymmetrical but
sometimes can have radial symmetry
Body Systems
 Nervous System- none
 Reactions to stimuli are slow, localized and barely perceptible
 Circulatory System- none
 Water and food is circulated through the spongocoel
 Choanocytes- the feeding cells that line the spongocoel. Have
beating flagella that create a current thus drawing water
through the porocytes
 Porocytes-form channels to allow water to pass though the
epidermis
 Epidermis- outer layer made of tightly packed epithelial cells
 Amoebocyte- digest and then transport nutrients into
different cells, provides structure for the sponge – sharp
spicules
http://www.biologyjunction.com/images/sponge
3.gif
http://www.mbscientific.com/medi
awiki/mediawiki1.11.1/images/Sponge1.jpg
More body systems
 Digestive System- none
 Suspension feeders- trap particles that go through their
inner channels of their bodies
 Ingest food by phagocytosis
 Amoebocytes- psuedopodia, digest food, and carry
nutrients to other cells
 Excretory System- none
 The water flows out of the osculum
http://www.planula.com.au/wpcontent/gallery/marine_articles_gallery/sponge_2.j
pg
http://universe-review.ca/I10-82sponge2.jpg
Reproductive System
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Hermaphroditic- have both functions of male and female
They are sequential hermaphrodites
First one sex and then changing into the other
Or can be asexual
Gametes are made from choanocytes or amoebocytes
Eggs reside in mesophyl, but sperm are carried out into the
water by the water current
 Cross fertilization in mesohyl
 Fertilization occurs in the mesohyl, there the zygote
develops into a flaggelated swimming larvae.
 After settling on a substrate it becomes sessile adult
Locomotion +skeletal system + Gas
Exchange
 No locomotion
 Sponges are sessile (not able to move around , attached
at the base)
 A hollow tube made of usually lime or silicon that
contains lots of openings.
 Have no sensory cells but will close if there is too
much particulate matter in the water.
 Also will close when touched
Gas Exchange + Extra info
 Lack specialized organs or tissue for gas exchange
 Take in gases from surrounding water
 Sponges can produce various amounts of antibiotics
that could potentially kill penicillin resistant viruses
and bacteria.