Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Circulatory System Anatomy The Heart The Pump As it beats, it forces blood through oneway valves to the entire body. Arteries Muscled tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart. Become smaller the further away they get from the heart. Most are deep in muscles or protected by bones. Veins Muscled tubes carrying blood toward the heart. Have a series of one-way valves that let blood flow through them. Become larger as they get closer to the heart. Capillaries Microscopic, thin-walled vessels. Situated between the veins & arteries throughout the body. Exchange of body nourishment & oxygen occurs here. Blood Plasma is the fluid part of blood & consists of nutrients, carbon dioxide, hormones & water. Plasma equals to 50% of an adult’s total blood supply. Plasma contains: Red cells: carry oxygen White cells: fight disease Platelets: break down & aid clotting; also repair damaged vessels. The Determining Criteria in ALL CBD Categories: Level of consciousness (LOC) Respiratory distress Shock- inability to perfuse Levels of Consciousness ALERT: Person is awake & aware of surroundings. VERBAL: Person responds to verbal stimulus only. PAIN: Patient responds to painful stimulus only. UNRESPONSIVE: Patient is not arouseable. Suggested Questions to Ask “Is the person awake?” “Have you tried to wake him/her?” “Does he/she respond to you?” Respiratory Distress Not speaking normally - WOB Working hard to get air. Pale Sweaty Sometimes cyanotic These people are very sick! Critical Signs & Symptoms Anxiety, restlessness Decreased LOC Cyanosis Rapid breathing, tachypnea Noisy respirations Labored appearance Diaphoresis Non-Critical Signs & Symptoms Stuffy nose SHOCK Inadequate tissue perfusion, or lack of oxygen delivery to body , mainly the major organs. Symptoms of Shock: Unable to sit/stand without feeling like they will pass out • What is the physiology behind this sign/symptom? Signs of Shock: Decreased LOC, leading to unconsciousness Pale, moist & cool skin Shallow, rapid breathing Obvious fluid loss, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea Types of Shock: Hemorrhagic Hypovolemic Anaphylactic Septic Shock Cardiogenic failure Neurogenic = blood loss = large loss of fluids = life-threatening allergic reaction to substances = shock caused by severe infection = cardiovascular system = resulting from spinal cord injury Respiratory System Oxygenates blood and expels waste gasses (carbon dioxide) from the body. Pharynx Has 2 passages through which air flows in & out of the body: • Oral pharynx • Nasal pharynx Epiglottis Leaf-shaped mass of cartilage suspended over the larynx It opens when you breathe, closes when you swallow. Larynx The narrowest portion of the adult respiratory passage. Referred to as the “voice box” because it contains the vocal cords. Trachea An air passage, about 4.5” long Round in shape with cartilage rings around diameter to keep it open Lining secretes mucous Bronchi Trachea divides into the right & left main stem bronchus, one to each lung Bronchioles a narrow tube inside the lungs that branches off the main air passages (bronchi) contribute to the cleansing function of the respiratory system, for they, too, are lined with mucous membranes and ciliated cells that move mucus upward to the pharynx. Lungs Where exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs. Right lung is divided into 3 lobes. Left lung is divided into 2 lobes. Alveoli Microscopic, thinwalled air sacs. Exchange of gases between air & blood occurs here. Diaphragm & Rib Muscles Diaphragm is the major muscle of breathing. wide muscular partition separating the thoracic, or chest cavity, from the abdominal cavity. Pleura The 2 linings on the inside of the chest wall = partial pleura The lining that covers the outside of the lungs = visceral pleura In contact with each other Lubricated by fluid Identify The Numbered images Questions?