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Body Organization From cells to organisms…just how the body is designed Homeostasis • What do you do when it is cold outside? When it is hot? • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment – Your body systems work together to ensure that your body maintains a stable internal environment Body Organization • Body organization – – – – – Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism Types of Cells • We are multicellular organisms – We are made up of over 1 trillion cells • We have many different types of cells – Examples: Blood cells, muscle cells, bone cells • Every cell has a specific purpose it carries out Types of Tissues • Epithelial – Covers and protects underlying tissue • Nervous – Sends electrical signals throughout the body • Muscle – Contracts and relaxes to produce movement • Connective – Joins, supports, protects, and cushions organs Organs • Two or more tissues working together – Examples: Heart, stomach, kidney, brain The Body Systems Integumentary Muscular Skeletal Cardiovascular Nervous Lymphatic Digestive Endocrine Respiratory Urinary Reproductive (male) Reproductive (female) Integumentary System • Function: Protect underlying tissue • Organs: Skin, hair, and nails The Body Muscular • Function: Produces movement in your body. • Organs: Cardiac Muscle (in heart), Smooth Muscle (involuntary in organs), and Skeletal Muscle (voluntary, moves bones) The Body Skeletal System • Function: The skeletal system provides a frame to support and protect your body parts • Organs: Your Bones (e.g. skull, ribs, etc) • Note: Bone is made up of connective tissue The Body Cardiovascular System • Function: The heart pumps blood throughout the body. The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients throughout the body. • Organs: Heart, blood, and blood vessels The Body Nervous System • Function: Sends electrical and chemical signals to control the body and body functions • Organs: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves The Body Lymphatic System • Function: Helps protect the body from pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and helps it heal from wounds using White Blood Cells (WBC) • Organs: Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils The Body Digestive System • Function: Breaks down food into nutrients and absorbs them into the body • Organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, pancreas The Body Endocrine System • Function: Releases chemical messages (hormones) that help regulate the body’s growth and functions • Organs: Glands (e.g. pituitary gland) The Body Respiratory System • Function: Brings in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide • Organs: Lungs The Body Excretory System • Function: Filters and removes wastes from the body and regulates water content in the body • Organs: Kidneys (urinary) The Body The Reproductive System • Male – The male reproductive system produces and delivers sperm • Female – The female reproductive system produces eggs and can hold unborn babies The Body