Download Chapter 19

Excretion:

The process by which the wastes
of cellular metabolism are
removed from an organism.

Metabolic reactions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Respiration
Deamination (break down of proteins)
Hydrolysis (digestion)
Other Metabolic activities ( inorganic
salts)
Metabolic reactions produce
Metabolic Reaction
Aerobic (cellular)
Respiration
also
Excretory waste
Produced
Carbon Dioxide
Water
(Dehydration synthesis)
Deamination
Nitrogenous waste
Other Metabolic
activities
Inorganic mineral
salts (sodium
chloride, potassium
sulfate
Nitrogenous waste:
Or
nitrogen containing
wastes accumulate from the
break down of amino acids
(proteins)
Ammonia,
(NH3) most toxic
Urea,
Uric
Acid, least toxic
Urinary system:
 A group
of organs whose sole
function is to perform EXCRETION.
 All
of these organs play a major
role in maintaining the body’s
HOMEOSTASIS.
 Homeostasis:
the maintaining of a
stable internal environment
The Urinary system:
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
The Kidneys:
Roughly 10cm long
Located against back muscles
Two functions:
Remove
cellular metabolic wastes
from blood, producing urine.
Control varying concentrations
within the blood (H20, salt, glucose)
URINE:
 Liquid
produced by the kidneys
composed of:
Water
Urea,
Salts
NORMAL URINE:
Normal Urine
Color
Clarity
Ph range
Inorganics
Protein
Glucose
RBC
WBC
Normal Urine
Color
Pale yellow ----amber
Clarity
Clear
Specific Gravity
Ph range
1.016
4.5---8
Inorganics
Sulfates, ammonia, salts,
phosphates, potassium
Protein
NONE
Glucose
None
RBC
NONE
WBC
None
The Arethra:
 Oops,
wrong one
The Urethra
 Tube
that carries urine out of the body
 Boys
and Girls both have a urethra!!!!
Lets look inside the Kidney!!
 A longitudinal
section reveals three
major areas.
 Cortex:
outer most region
 Filters the blood

 Medulla:
Middle region
 Collects urine and
passes it into the

 Pelvis
Inner most region
 Drains urine into the ureters

Lets look inside the Kidney!!
disorders
 Gout
 Kidney
Stones
 Renal Failure (nephritis)
Dialysis:

When a set of kidneys don't do their job, their
owner has what is called a chronic kidney
condition. Eventually, those kidneys may be
considered failing. But instead of a bad grade,
they can get help from something called dialysis
(say: die-al-ih-sis). Much like a filter system
hooked up to a pool, dialysis gives the kidneys a
break by skimming waste for them.
 How does it work? There are two types. The first
kind of dialysis, called hemodialysis (say: heemoh-die-al-ih-sis), uses a filtering machine to
remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. In
the second type, called peritoneal dialysis (say:
peh-rih-tuh-nee-ul), the actual filtering is done by
The Liver
Detoxification: Removal of harmful or toxic
substances from the blood
Converts substance into a less toxic forms and
released back into the blood stream
Excretion of bile: used for emulsification of fats.
Excess passed out in the feces (bile salts,
cholesterol, recycled hemoglobin)
Urea formation: ammonia from protein breakdown is
converted into a LESS toxic urea
The FDA recommends that we get 60 mgs of vitamin C per day.
Dr Linus Pauling, often referred to as the "Father of
Vitamin C" and twice awarded the Nobel Prize,
declared that large intakes of up to 10 grams of vitamin
C each day aids anti-cancer activity within the body.
The Lungs
 Get
the body rid of carbon dioxide and
water (in the form of water vapor)
 End products of cellular respiration
 AND ALCOHOL particles

The Skin
 Protection
Excretion
 Nerve endings
 Regulates body temperature

The Skin
Finis’