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Transcript
BACTERIA, PROTISTA, FUNGI, INSECTS, MAMMALS, AND AMPHIBIANS BACTERIA Two kingdoms: Eubacteria (most bacteria and Archaebacteria (live in extreme environments) No nucleus or internal membrane bound organelles Structure: Chromosome, plasma membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, and sometimes flagella. Reproduction: Binary fission (asexual) Can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic PROTIST Mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic All eukaryotic Types of Protists: Amoeba - moves using pseudopodia “false feet” (extensions of cytoplasm) Reproduce by binary fission Some can cause dysentery in humans from contaminated water. PROTIST Paramecium Use cilia for movement Reproduces asexually (binary fission) and sexually. PROTIST Euglena Plant-like protist Contains chloroplast for photosynthesis but can also be heterotrophic. Move by flagellum PROTIST Plasmodium: Causes malaria, transmitted from person to person via mosquitoes. In humans, travels to liver (dormant), then infects blood cells causing blood cells to rupture and infecting more blood cells. FUNGI Heterotrophic – absorb organic nutrients from their surroundings. Parasitic – feed on living organisms Saprophytes – feed on dead organisms. Cell walls made of chitin (polysaccharide) Reproduction: Spores (sexual) and Fragmentation (asexual) – pieces break apart. Examples: Mushrooms, bracket fungus, and yeast (look closely you can see them budding) ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS Heterotrophic and Multicellular Symmetry: asymmetric, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry Asymmetry – irregular shape; no symmetry Radial – can be divided along any plane, through a central axis. Bilateral symmetry – divide down its length into similar right and left halves that form mirror images. Crayfish: bilateral Hydra, jellyfish: Radial symmetry Sponge: Asymmetric ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate Vertebrate – animals that have an internal backbone Invertebrate – animals that do not have a backbone. (97% of all animals) Endoskeleton vs. Exoskeleton Endoskeleton – support frame within the body Exoskeleton – hard, waxy covering on the outside of the body that provides framework for support. INSECTS PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton and jointed appendages Exoskeleton – hard outer covering made of chitin. Muscle attached to skeleton Reproduction – separate sexes and internal fertilization. Complete Metamorphosis: 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Larva does not resemble adult Incomplete Metamorphosis Lacks the larval stage, the young look like adults but may lack an appendage (wings) INSECTS Respiration: Tracheal Tubes – gases pass through these tubes from the atmosphere to the internal structures. Excretion: Malpighian Tubules — Excretes nitrogen waste AMPHIBIANS Amphibians “double life” Thin, moist skin Ectotherms – no means of internal temperature regulation. Circulatory: 3 chambered heart Allows for mixing of oxygen rich and poor blood in the heart. Respiration: lungs and diffusion across skin (some salamanders have gills) Metamorphosis: egg tadpole frog External fertilization MAMMALS Endothermic – produce heat internally Body hair: provides insulation and waterproofing Mammary glands: produce milk for young Circulation: 4 chambered heart No mixing of blood. MAMMALS Reproduction: internal fertilization, most young develop in uterus with placental attachment. Respiration: Lungs (oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged) Excretory: kidneys – urea is main waste product Kidneys open into bladder; produce urine