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Porifera Common Name: Sponges Symmetry: Asymmetrical Habitat: Mostly salt water, some fresh Reproduction: Hermaphroditic, Asexual or sexual Sponges are sessile- they stay in one place for most of their lives Sponges are made mostly of proteins called spongin and spicules. Spongin is soft, spicules are sharp, and hard. Sponges filter feed. Collar cells wave their flagella and cause water , food, and other nutrients to flow in. Cnidaria Common Name: Jellyfish, Hydras, sea anemones, corals Symmetry: Radial Habitat: Mostly salt water, some fresh Reproduction: Sexual Reproduction and asexual Cnidarians have stinging cells in their tentacles called cnidocytes. 2-way gut. GROSS 2 body forms: Medusa and polyp Cnidocytes Platyhelminthes Common Name: Flatworms Symmetry: Bilateral 3 main types: Planarians, Flukes, Tapeworms 2-way gut. Gross. Planaria Free-living, don’t depend on animals for food or habitat. Reproduce asexually. It can be cut in half and each half grows into a new worm. Flukes All are parasites with a life cycle that requires multiple hosts. Reproduce Sexually - Female and male mate, female lays eggs inside a host. Eggs leave host in urine or feces, then end up in water. Snails in the water get infected. Eggs hatch from snail and the worms burrow into a new host, like a human foot. - Can infect the blood, lungs, liver, eyes, and other organs of its host. Parasites. Has a head with hooks that attach to the animal’s insides. Doesn’t have a mouth or digestive system. It just absorbs nutrients from its host. Grows by making new segments behind the head. Each segment carries sperm and eggs. Eggs fertilize and the segment breaks off, goes out of the intestines, and gets eaten by a new host. Tapeworms Nematoda Common Name: Roundworms Symmetry: Bilateral Habitat: Soil, plants, water, animals Over half a million species exist. Some are parasites, but most are free-living. Reproduce Sexually. Have two body openings, a mouth and anus. 1-way gut! C. Elegans important for genetic research! • • • • Cause heartworm in dogs, trichinosis in humans Damage crops around the worlds. Feed on termites, fleas, ants, beetles, other insects Help enrich the soil. Annelida (Segmented Worms) Common Name: Earthworms, leeches, marine worms Symmetry: Bilateral Habitat: Soil, water 1-way gut, but also many more organ systems! Muscles, digestive system, excretory system, circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, reproductive system. Help enrich soil with their POOP. Leeches used in surgery to avoid blood clots. Marine worms are a base of the food chain. TODAY……. Mollusca Common Name: Mollusks (Latin for Soft) Symmetry: Bilateral Habitat: water, and moist land environments 3 types: Gastropods, Bivalves, Cephalopods Common traits- a tongue-like organ called a radula with rows of teeth for scraping food, a muscular organ for movement called a foot, an open circulatory system, gills, and a mantle (outer covering) Gastropod • “Stomach foot” • Snails, slugs, conchs, whelks, abalones. • Usually have one large shell Bivalves Have 2 shells on a single hinged joint. Powerful muscles pull the shells closed. Scallops, clams, oysters “Head Foot” Cephalopods Intelligent, complex mollusks that have a “Head”, a foot divided into many tentacles, and a well-developed nervous system. Have a Closed circulatory system. Squid, Octopus, Cuttlefish Here come the Arthropods! Arthropoda Common Name: Arthropods Symmetry: Bilateral Habitat: EVERYWHERE. Reproduction: PROLIFIC. That means A lot. Arthropod means “jointed foot” Have jointed appendages, like legs, wings, antennae, claws, pincers. Have segmented bodies Have a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton Insects • Have a clear head, thorax, and abdomen • More insects exist than any other animal group – Head has sensory organs, compound or simple eyes, and complex mouthparts. – The thorax has 3 pairs of legs attached and sometimes wings – Abdomen is where reproductive structures are found. Spiracles are openings that allows oxygen to reach different cells. • Insects go through metamorphosis. Complete metamorphosis is where the start out as eggs, then larva, then pupa, then the adult form. Incomplete metamorphosis is when they hatch from eggs into a nymph, a miniature adult version, and molt several times until completely adult sized. • Insects succeed because they have tough, flexible exoskeletons • They have short lives and can evolve quickly • They Reproduce A LOT • Since they’re small, they can live in a wide variety of places, and avoid enemies • Camouflage also helps! Arachnids • Mites, Spiders, scorpions • Have two body regions: cephalothorax and abdomen. All have 4 pairs of legs, no antennae • Scorpions have poisonous stingers and pincers • Spiders release enzymes into their food and suck out the liquids. Centipedes and Millipedes • Centipedes are poisonous and are carnivorous • Millipedes are herbivorous • Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment • Millipedes have two pairs of legs per body segment Crustaceans • Crabs, crayfish, lobster, barnacles, rolly-polly bugs, water fleas • Have 1-2 pairs of antennae and mandibles used to crush food • Most live in water, but some live on land • Have 5 pairs of legs. The first pair is claws • Have 5 pairs of swimmerets on the abdomen. Echinodermata (“Spiny Skin”) Common Name: Sea Stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers Symmetry: Radial Habitat: Oceans Have no brain/head, just a ring of nerves Water vascular system helps them move by sucking water in and expelling it out. • Sea Stars can regenerate arms Chordata Common Name: Symmetry: Habitat: Reproduction: