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Marine Invertebrate Phyla Focus on Porifera Cnidaria Mollusca Platyhelminthes Annelid Echinodermata Arthropoda Classification of organisms • Domain Eukaryota • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • Species Sapiens • Homo sapiens Kingdom Animalia Body Plan Symmetry Porifera – “pore bearers” - sponges • Cellular level of organization – cells are largely independent of one another and do not form true tissues or organs • Asymmetrical or radial symmetry • Exoskeleton of spongin fibers (elastic protein), calcareous (calcium) and siliceous (silica) spicules, or both • Sessile • Suspension feeders – filter feeders • Broadcast spawners Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, corals • Tissue level of organization – have nerve cells • Radial symmetry • Tentacles • Oral surface, aboral surface, gut – gastrovascular cavity • Mostly carnivorous • Nematocysts – stinging cells • Two forms – polyp and medusa Platyhelminthes - Flatworms • Bilateral symmetry - anterior and posterior ends, dorsal and ventral surface • Central nervous system – simple • Flat backs and bellies (dorsoventrally flattened) • Simplest organisms with real tissues and organs Annelida – segmented worms • Bilateral symmetry • Body is broken up into similar compartments called segments • Segments act as a skeleton and can be contracted by muscles • Coelom – body cavity where organs are bathed in fluid • Closed circulatory system • Gills Mollusca – snails, clams, octopuses • Gastropoda – snails, nudibranchs (gastropods who have lost their shell) • Bivalvia – clams, mussels, oysters, etc. • Cephalopoda – octopus, squid • Bilateral symmetry • Most have a soft body in calcium carbonate shell, all have internal or external shell • Mantle – thin layer of tissue that secretes the shell • Muscular foot • Radula – ribbon of small teeth used to feed made of chitin (carbohydrate) • Coelom – fluid filled cavity • Gastropods and bivalves have ganglia – “local brains”, cephalopods have most complex nervous system of all invertebrates Echinodermata – sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, feather stars, sea lillies • Pentamerous radial symmetry in adult form (larvae are bilaterally symmetrical) • More complex body plan - complete digestive tract, coelom, interntal skeleton • Endoskeleton • Water vascular system • Regeneration in some species • Two sexes in most species • Reproduce by spawning Arthropoda – barnacles, crabs, shrimp, lobster, crabs, sea spiders • Largest animal phylum • Exoskeleton • Molt to grow • Bilateral symmetry • Separate sexes in most • Males transfer sperm to female (no spawning) • Simple brain but well-developed sensory organs (compound eyes, “smell” • Behaviorally complex