Download Review_Animals

Quiz Review: Invertebrate and Vertebrate Animals
AP Biology
Chapter 32: Animal Development
1. Explain the common characteristics of animals:
 Multicellular
 No cell wall
 Heterotrophic eukaryotes
 Sexual reproduction
 Tissues develop from embryonic layers
2. Describe embryonic development of animals using the
following terms:
 Zygote
 Cleavage
 Blastula
 Gastrulation
 Gastrula
 Endoderm
 Ectoderm
 Mesoderm
3. What are the likely causes of the Cambrian Explosion? What new animal phyla
arose during the period?
4. Describe the following characteristics by which
animals can be categorized. Give examples of
animals in each category. What is the importance of
each characteristic?
 Body symmetry: radial, bilateral, none
(asymmetry)
 Diploblasts vs. triploblasts. Which have a
mesoderm? Which group contains animals
with bilateral symmetry? With
cephalization?
 Triploblastic animals can be further
categorized based on whether they are
acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, or true
coelomates. What is the importance of a coelom? Give examples of
animals that fall into each category. Where do humans fit?
 Humans and other chordates are deuterostomes. Early in development our
cells undergo radial, indeterminante cleavage. These cells can develop into
any cell in the body (pluripotent stem cells). This type of cleavage may
also result in identical twins.
Chapter 33: Invertebrates
1. Porifera (Sponges), Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Annelids
(segmented worms), Mollusks, Nematodes (roundworms), Arthropods and
Echinoderms
For each of the invertebrate phyla listed above, describe the following
 Symmetry
Platyhelminthes
 Diploblast or triploblast? If triploblast, what type of coelom is present?
(flatworm)
 Cephalization apparent?
 What special adaptations separate this phylum from others that came before it?
2. Sponges
a. No distinct tissues or organs
b. No specialized cells
c. No symmetry
d. Sessile as adults
e. Food taken into each cell by endocytosis
Nematode
(roundworm)
Annelid (segmented
worm)
Label the tissue layers in each picture.
3. Cnidarians: Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral
a. tissues, but no organs
b. two cell layers
c. radial symmetry
d. predators
 tentacles with stinging cells
(nematocysts) surround gut
opening.
 extracellular digestion,
release enzymes into
gastrovascular cavity
 absorption by cells lining gut
Gastrovascular cavity: one body opening
acts as mouth and anus (less efficient
than alimentary canal.)
4. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms, planaria, tapeworms
a. Mostly parasitic
b. Bilateral symmetry: right and left sides, anterior and
posterior ends
c. Cephalization: development of a brain and concentration
of sense organs in the head (anterior) end
d. Increase specialization in body plan
e. Acoelomates
5. Nematoda: roundworms
a. Bilaterally symmetrical
b. Body cavity
c. Pseudocoelom = simple body cavity
d. Alimentary canal: a digestive system with 2 body openings,
mouth and anus
e. Many are parasitic

6. Mollusca (mollusks):
a. Gastropods (slugs and snails),
Bivalves (clams and mussels),
Cephalopods (squid and octopi)
b. Bilaterally symmetrical
c. Soft body protected by hard
shell (with exceptions)
d. True coelom: increases
complexity and specialization
of internal organs
e. Have radula, mantle, and
muscular foot

7. Annelids: segmented worms, earthworm, leech
a. Bilateral symmetry
b. True coelom
c. Digestive tract with specialized structures: esophagus, crop gizzard,
intestine
d. Nephridia: small tubes for excretion of nitrogenous waste (urine)
8. Arthropods: spiders, insects, crustaceans
a. Most successful animal phylum
b. Bilateral symmetry
c. Segmented bodies: specialized
segments allow jointed
appendages (head, thorax,
abdomen)
d. Exoskeleton: chitin and protein
e. Malphigian tubules: for excretion
of nitrogenous waste (urine)
9. Echinoderms: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber
a. Radially symmetrical as adults
b. Spiny endoskeleton
c. Deuterostome
Chapter 34: Vertebrates
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
 Internal bony skeleton
 Backbone encasing spinal column, skull-encased brain
 Deuterostomes
1. What is the difference between a chordate and a vertebrate? Which
is the broader clade? Give an example of an animal that is one but
not the other.
2. Major advancements in vertebrate evolution included
Label 4 common traits of chordates:
the following. Give the name of the clade that is
notochord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal
named for each of these characteristics:
tail, hollow dorsal nerve cord
a. Vertebral Column
b. Bony jaws
c. Lungs
d. Lobed fins
e. Legs
f. Amniotic Eggs
g. Milk
Major Vertebrate Phyla
3. Ray-finned fish
a. Bony & cartilaginous skeleton
b. Jaws and paired appendages (fins)
c. Scales as body covering
d. Gills for gas exchange
e. 2-chambered heart, single loop blood circulation
f. Ectotherms
g. Reproduce via external fertilization, external development in aquatic egg
4. Amphibia: frogs, salamanders
a. Ancestors were tetrapods – fish transition to land
b. Moist skin
c. Respiration: gas exchange through skin and lungs (no positive
pressure in lungs)
d. 3-chambered heart: veins from lungs back to heart
e. Ectotherms
f. Reproduction: external fertilization, external development in
aquatic egg
g. Metamorphosis (tadpole to adult)
5. Reptiles: snake, lizard, turtle, crocodile
a. Dry skin, scales, armor
b. Lungs for gas exchange, thoracic
breathing (negative pressure)
c. 3-chambered heart
d. ectotherms
e. Reproduce via internal fertilization.
External development in amniotic egg.
leathery
shell
embryo
amnion
chorion
allantois
yolk
sac
6. Aves (birds): finch, hawk, ostrich, turkey
a. Feathers and wings
b. Thin, hollow bone: flight skeleton
c. Very efficient lungs and air sacks
trachea
d. Four-chambered heart
e. Endotherms
anterior
f. Reproduction: Internal fertilization.
External development in amniotic egg. air sacs
lung
posterior
air sacs
7. Mammals: mice, human, whale, bat
a. Body covering: hair
b. Specialized teeth
c. Respiration: Lungs and diaphragm; negative pressure
d. 4-chambered heart
e. endotherms
f. Reproduction: Internal fertilization. Internal development in uterus,
nourishment through placenta. Birth live young, mammary glands make
milk.
8. Mammal Sub-groups
a. Monotremes: egg-laying mammals
 lack placenta & true nipples
 duckbilled platypus, echidna
b. marsupials: pouched mammals
 offspring feed from nipples in pouch
 short-lived placenta
 koala, kangaroo, opossum
c. placental: true placenta
 nutrient & waste filter
 shrews, bats, whales, humans