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Transcript
The Circulatory System A & P - Mr. Carlson Major Structures of the Circulatory System • • • • • • Heart Blood Vessels Blood Lymph Nodes Lymph Lymph Vessels www.google.com The Heart • The heart is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. • Beats more than 2.5 billion times in an average lifespan. • Lies within the thoracic cavity, behind the sternum, and between the lungs. www.google.com Heart Parts • The pericardium is a tough sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart and functions to secrete a fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats. • The septum vertically divides the heart into two sides. • Right side pumps blood to lungs. • Left side pumps blood to other parts of the body. www.google.com Heart Chambers • The heart is divided into upper & lower chambers. • Each upper chamber is called an atrium. • Each lower chamber is called a ventricle. • There are four total chambers. www.google.com Heart Valves • Atrioventricular valves separate each atrium from each ventricle. • AV valves consist of flaps of tissue that open in only one direction. • The AV valve on the right is called the tricuspid valve. • The AV valve in the left is called the mitral valve. www.google.com Heart Valves • Semilunar valves separates the ventricles from large blood vessels on each side of the heart. • SL valves are also one-way valves. • The SL valve on the right is known as the pulmonary valve. • The SL valve on the left is known as the aortic valve. www.google.com Patterns of Circulation • The heart and blood vessels from one continuous, closed system of circulation. • This system also consists of two primary subsystems: • Pulmonary Circulation – Blood travels between heart and lungs. • Systemic Circulation – Blood travels between the heart and all other body tissues. Circulation of Blood in the Heart • Deoxygenated blood from the body returns via the superior & inferior vena cava to the right atrium. • The right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. • The muscles of the right ventricle contract and force the blood into the pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs. • In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses out and oxygen diffuses into the blood. Circulation of Blood in the Heart • Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns via the Pulmonary Veins to the left atrium. • From the left atrium, blood passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. • Contraction of the muscular walls of the left ventricle force the blood into a large blood vessel called the aorta. • From the aorta, blood is distributed to the rest of the body except the lungs. Whew!!! Have you had enough yet? I didn’t even include the SL Valves in the last description! Almost there! Control of the Heartbeat • The heart consists of muscle cells that contract in waves. When the first group of muscle cells is stimulated it sets off a chain reaction that travels across the heart. • The sinoatrial (SA) node is a group of specialized heartmuscle cells located in the right atrium that is stimulated first. • The SA node is called the pacemaker because it regulates the rate of contraction of the entire heart. • The atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the septum between the atria and relays the electrical impulse to the muscle cells that are located in the ventricles. Heart Disease • The end result of untreated heart disease is a heart attack. • Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. • Elevated cholesterol levels is a major factor in creating heart disease. • The CDC estimates the number of americans that are overweight or obese is currently at 61%. www.google.com