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Reptile Review #1 Match the type of Reproduction with its description Shell is put around egg; eggs are oviparity laid and hatch outside mother’s body ____________________ No shell is put around egg; Egg is retained in mother’s body and viviparity nourishment comes from mother _____________________ through placenta; young are born alive Shell is put around egg; Egg is retained in mother’s body until just before hatching or hatches inside body; Nourishment comes from egg not mother ovoviviparity _____________________ This green area stores nitrogen wastes for the embryo and acts as its lung Allantois The portion of the shell covering the dorsal part of a turtle is called the ________________ carapace Thin fan-like membrane that holds the small intestine in place and divides the turtle’s coelom into compartments mesentery Number of chambers in the heart of all reptiles except Crocodilians. 3 Crocodiles have 4 like a mammal Match the organ with its function: Stores bile _______________________ Gall bladder Blood vessels that carry blood veins back to heart ________________ Partly divides ventricle to septum prevent blood mixing __________________ esophagus Carries food to stomach ________________ bridge Connects plastron & carapace ________________ mesentery Membrane holding intestine in place ____________ Regulates ion/water balance in blood & tissues ___________________ kidneys This membrane surrounds the embryo and the fluid in which it floats amnion Fertilization in reptiles is _________________ Internal Internal External Snakes like rattlesnakes and water moccasins that kill injecting venom with large movable fangs are called vipers __________________ This reptile belongs in the order Squamata _______________ An organism that gets its body heat from its Ectothermic surroundings is called _______________ This membrane surrounds all the other membranes and protects the developing embryo chorion This membrane (colored blue) surrounds the embryo’s fat-rich food source Yolk sac Multi-purpose cavity at the end of the digestive system that collects waste from large intestine, bladder, as well as eggs/sperm. cloaca This organism belongs in Chelonia the order ____________ Crocodilia Chelonia Squamata Part of the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart Pulmonary circulation Match the organ with its function: Urinary bladder Stores urine _______________________ Blood vessels that carry arteries blood away from heart _______________ epididymis Place where sperm grow tails ______________ Carries sperm from epididymis to cloaca ________________ Vas deferens trachea Ringed “windpipe” ________________ Dorsal shell ___________________ carapace 3rd eyelid nictitating _____________________ membrane This is the protein and water needed by the growing embryo albumen Name one of the parts of the brain that is larger in a reptile than in an amphibian Cerebrum OR optic lobes Type of egg found in reptiles with a protective outer shell and 4 membranes inside. Amniotic egg This substance is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and used in the small intestine to digest fats. bile The part of the shell on the ventral surface of plastron a turtle is called the __________________ 2 atria. The heart of a turtle has ____ 1 2 3 The lining of the lungs is folded into alveoli numerous small sacs called _____________ Part of the egg which stores nitrogen wastes and acts as a “lung” to exchange gases. allantois Protein in reptile skin that makes it scaly. keratin Specialized sense organ in the roof of the mouth of snakes & lizards that detects odors. Jacobson’s organ Type of reproduction in which embryos are retained in the body, nourished by a placenta, and born alive. viviparity Land dwelling reptiles excrete nitrogen in Uric acid the form of ________________ Type of reproduction found in turtles Oviparity viviparity ovoviviparity oviparity The ability of lizards to detach their tails when autotomy grabbed by a predator is called ________________ Snakes and lizards belong to the order Chelonia Squamata Crocodilia Rynchocephalia Squamata Name the 3 parts of a turtle’s shell Carapace, plastron, & bridge Type of reproduction in which eggs are laid shortly before hatching or they may hatch inside the body, but nourishment for the embryo comes from the egg not the mother. ovoviviparity endotherms Warm blooded animals are __________________ Ectotherms Endotherms In reptiles low oxygen and high oxygen blood is prevented from mixing in the heart by a ____________ in the ventricle. Partial septum Give an example of a reptile with no teeth. Turtle or tortoise Type of reproduction in which eggs are covered with a protective shell and laid outside the body to hatch. Oviparity These snakes kill their prey by injecting venom through large, mobile fangs Constrictors vipers vipers Elapids MATCH THE PART WITH ITS FUNCTION ALVEOLI Tiny air sacs in lungs _________________ TESTES Makes sperm _________________ OVIDUCTS Adds albumen & shell to eggs _____________________ LIVER Processes nitrogen waste for kidneys _________________ Collecting space for feces, urine, and sperm or eggs _______________ CLOACA Tell a characteristic found in turtles but NOT other reptiles. Beak instead of teeth; shell; pelvic and pectoral girdles lie within ribs The purpose of ALVEOLI is to Increase surface area for more gas exchange kidneys The excretory organ in reptiles is_____________ Tell 3 characteristics of REPTILES Thick, scaly skin Internal fertilization Breathe with lungs Claws on feet ectothermic Name the amniotic egg part Stores nitrogen waste ALLANTOIS and exchanges gases _______________________ Membrane around fat rich food source _______________________ YOLK SAC Membrane around the embryo AMNION & surrounding fluid ________________________ ALBUMEN Water & protein for growing embryo _________________ Membrane around all other membranes _______________ CHORION T or F Turtles have a nictitating membrane like frogs. TRUE What makes crocodilians different from other reptiles? Have 2 ventricles; complete septum 2 loops; 3 chambers 1 loop 2 chambers 2 loops 4 chambers A B C Which of the diagrams shows the circulatory system of most reptiles? A 2 loops; 3 chambers A snake uses its Jacobson’s organ to locate prey inject venom detect heat digest food Locate prey It’s used in smelling. Tell one reason why a reptile might shut off blood in the pulmonary loop When inactive When diving underwater When wants to warm up fast What determines whether a baby turtle turns out to be a girl or boy? Sex is determined by temperature of the environment surrounding the egg. What is the larval form seen in reptiles? Trochophore bipinnaria nauplius tadpole Trick question: Turtles have direct development… no larva! Turtles hatch looking like miniature versions of adults. Organ that stores bile Gall bladder Living reptiles most closely related to dinosaurs. Crocodiles and alligators Organ that makes bile liver Number of ventricles in most reptile hearts. one Opening to the digestive system gullet Type of skeleton seen in reptiles Exoskeleton endoskeleton Endoskeleton The albumen and shell of an turtle egg are added in oviduct the __________________ ovary oviduct cloaca Snake that kills its prey by squeezing and suffocating it. constrictor MATCH THE PART WITH ITS FUNCTION LIVER Stores glycogen _______________________ Uses trypsin & bile to Duodenum finish digestion _______________ (Small intestine) Uses acid and muscle contraction STOMACH to breakdown food ________________________ Remove nitrogen waste from blood and makes urine _________________ KIDNEY “Ringed” tube that carries air to bronchi TRACHEA _________ Match the organ with its function: Liver Makes bile _______________________ Makes, stores, and spleen recycles blood cells ________________ Makes digestive enzymes like trypsin for the small intestine pancreas __________________ ileum (Small intestine) Absorbs nutrients ____________________ Opening to lungs ________________ glottis “Tummy shell” ___________________ plastron Tympanic membrane Eardrum _____________________ Match the organ with its function: liver Processes nitrogen waste for kidneys ____________ Respiratory organ in reptiles lungs ________________ Carries both high and low oxygen blood ________________ & __________________ Ventricle conus arteriosus Controls involuntary organs ________________ Medulla oblongata Controls higher thinking/learning cerebrum ______________ Bone connecting eardrum to inner ear columella ___________ Sense organ for smell in roof of mouth of snakes & lizards Jacobson’s ___________________ organ Match the organ with its function: Controls balance & motor coordination cerebellum ___________ Nostrils ________________ External nares Also called colon ________________ Large intestine Skull bone ________________ cranium Receives blood from lungs ______________ Left atrium Receives blood from body _______________ Sinus venosus Processes info about vision ___________________ Optic lobes Name the three body systems that empty into the cloaca Digestive, excretory, reproductive How is reproduction in turtles different than in frogs? TURTLES FROGS Internal fertilization amniotic eggs; Direct development external fertilization; jelly coated eggs indirect development Give one advantage of being ectothermic Don’t need as much food as same size endotherm Tell 2 disadvantages of being ectothermic. Can’t live in cold places Can’t run, swim, jump etc. for long periods of time. Organ that controls heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism rate. Thyroid gland Reptiles are _________________ deuterostomes protostomes deuterostomes Reptiles are ________________. vertebrates invertebrates vertebrates Reptiles are _________________ ectotherms ectotherms endotherms T F Turtles can crawl out of their shells. F Their ribs and spine are attached to the shell. T F Turtles and tortoises are the only reptiles without teeth. T They have a hard beak, other reptiles have teeth. T F F Turtles are pseudocoelomates. Like all higher animals, they have a true coelom. Organisms whose body temperature is dependent on their environment are called _______________________ ectothermic Reptiles have ____________ development. direct Direct indirect Reptiles have _____________ fertilization. internal external internal Reptiles have a(n) __________ circulatory system. closed open closed Protein that forms the scaly skin of reptiles, bird feathers, and your hair and fingernails. KERATIN Reptiles excrete nitrogen waste in the form of Uric acid _________________ Ammonia urea uric acid Animals can excrete nitrogen waste in several forms (ammonia, urea, uric acid). Which is the least toxic? Uric acid Tell one reason scientists think an asteroid hit The earth 65 million years ago wiping out all the large reptiles (dinosaurs) 1. Layer of irridium (common in asteriods but not on Earth) was found in rock laid down from that time period 2. Discovery of large impact crater in Mexico 3. Quartz crystals in rock show compaction T F Reptiles have the ability to close off their pulmonary circulation. T They do it when they are swimming under water or trying to warm up quickly. T F F All reptiles have a 3 chamber heart except turtles. Crocodiles are the reptiles with a 4 chamber heart. The blastopore in reptile embryos becomes the __________. anus mouth anus Reptiles, birds, and mammals are thought to have a common ancestor because they share what characteristic? Amniotic eggs MATCH THE REPTILE WITH ITS ORDER Snakes and lizards _________________ SQUAMATA Turtles & tortoises CHELONIA __________________ Crocodiles & alligators CROCODILIA _________________ Match the organ with its body system: excretory Kidneys _______________________ Heart ________________ circulatory Ileum __________________ digestive skin ________________ integumentary Spinal cord ________________ nervous oviducts ___________________ reproductive bronchi _____________________ respiratory In most organisms, the individual’s sex is determined by the presence of X or y sex chromosomes. How is this different in turtles, crocodiles, & some lizards? Sex is dependant on the temperature of the nest where the eggs are laid How are the lungs of a turtle different than the lungs in a frog? Have alveoli; frog lungs don’t Which of the reptiles provides the most parental care to their young? crocodiles Turtles lizards snakes crocodiles Reptiles are _________________ ectotherms ectotherms endotherms Snakes like pythons and boas that kill by squeezing and suffocating their prey are constrictors called __________________ This reptile belongs in the order Crocodilia _______________ Follow the path of blood in the frog circulatory system. Sinus venosus RIGHT LEFT Atrium Atrium Ventricle Body organs Lungs Conus arteriosus Match the organ with its function: bronchi Smaller tubes that connect trachea to lungs _______________________ Gland that controls heart rate, thyroid blood pressure; cell development ____________ Large intestine Also called COLON ____________________ Collecting space for urine, feces, and eggs or sperm __________________ cloaca Match the organ with its function: Exit opening in animals with a cloaca ____________________ vent External nares “Nostrils” ________________ Tubes that connect ears Eustachian to back of throat __________________ Fan like membrane that holds digestive organs in place _________________ mesentery Tell how the circulatory system in reptiles is similar to that in amphibians. Both have: 3 chamber heart 2 atria; 1 ventricle 2 loop closed system Pulmonary & systemic loops Sinus venosus and conus arteriosus Follows same pathway Arteries leave heart; veins return Tell how the circulatory system in reptiles is different from that in amphibians. Reptiles: Ventricle has partial septum (crocodilians 4 chambers) Sinus venosus & conus arteriosus are smaller Can shut down pulmonary loop Amphibians: NOT NOT Can’t Snakes like cobras that kill injecting venom with small fixed (non-movable) fangs are elapids called __________________ The ancient reptile order that includes only two species of spiny crested tuataras Rynchocephalia is_______________ Tell how the reproductive system in turtles is different from that in frogs. TURTLES FROGS Internal fertilization males have penis external fertilization w/ amplexus Direct development indirect development Sex determined by temperature of nest sex determined by sex chromosomes Amniotic eggs jelly/no shells on eggs Name a group of reptile that shows another kind of reproduction besides oviparity. Snakes or lizards This reptile belongs in the Chelonia order _________________ Name the parts of the brain starting at the spinal cord and moving toward the nose. Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Optic lobes Cerebrum Olfactory lobes Which of these parts is larger in turtles and in frogs? Cerebrum Turtles belong to the Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub Phylum: Class: Order: Vertebrata Reptilia “to creep or crawl” Chelonia “tortoise” Match the brain part to its function: Controls involuntary body organs Medulla oblongata ___________________ Higher thinking & learning _______________ cerebrum Optic lobes Processes info about vision ____________________ balance & motor coordination ____________ cerebellum Olfactory lobes Processes info about smell _______________ SUBSTANCE BILE MADE BY? LIVER TRYPSIN PANCREAS GLUCAGON PANCREAS INSULIN THYROXIN FUNCTION? Breaks down FATS Breaks down PROTEINS Causes cells to release stored glucose PANCREAS Causes cells to store glucose THYROID GLAND Controls heart rate, blood pressure; growth & development GLYCOGEN All cells; Storage form of especially LIVER glucose;