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ANATOMY
OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN
BODY
WHAT IS ………..?
 ANATOMY is the study
of the form and
structure of the human
body.
 PHYSIOLOGY is the
study of the function or
how the body works.
BASIC SUBSTANCE OF LIFE
 Protoplasm makes up
all living matter.
 Protoplasm contains
carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen
and other minerals.
protopl
asm
CELLS
 Cells are the basic
units or building blocks
of all living things.
 Cells are made up of
protoplasm.
 Cells carry on all
functions of life.
CELLS
 Cells use food and
oxygen eliminate
waste, adapt to
environment and
reproduce.
 Cells may be different
size and shapes.
Cells
 Some groups of cells may be highly
specialized; e.g. nerve cells are quick to be
respond to stimuli, red blood cells carry
oxygen.
 Some specialized cells lose some function,
certain nerve cells do not reproduce.
 An interdependency exists among cells to
carry on total life activities.
PARTS OF CELLS
 Cell membrane – outer
covering of cell
 Cytoplasm – main
substance of the cell, it
is liquid.
 Nucleus – brain of the
cell.
 The nucleus contains
the chromatin network
and nucleolus.
PARTS OF CELLS
 The nucleolus is one
or more tiny parts
within the nucleus.
 The chromatin network
is made up of
chromosomes which
contain the heredity
genes, known as DNA.
TISSUES
Skin structure
 Cells group together
by their shape, size,
structure, and function,
and are called tissues.
 This specialized
grouping of cells make
four different types of
tissues.
TYPES OF TISSUE
 Epithelial tissue covers
surfaces and lines body
cavities, also forms glands.
 Connective tissue holds
parts of the body together.
It may be hard as in bone,
or soft as in vascular
tissue (Blood vessels)
 Both types repair easily.
TISSUE TYPES
 Nerve tissue conducts
nerve impulses, and
reacts to stimuli.
 Some nerve tissue
does not repair, all is
slow and uncertain.
TISSUE TYPES
 Muscle tissue produces
power by contractions:
There are three types of
muscle tissue.
– Cardiac, located in the heart
– Skeletal muscles, also called
voluntary
– Smooth muscles, called
involuntary such as digestive
tract and kidney.
– Repairs with difficulty
resulting in scar tissue.
ORGANS
 Tissues which form
together and perform
special functions are
called organs.
 Example: Stomach
and the skin which
contain epithelial,
connective, muscle
and nervous tissue.
Systems
 A group of organs working
together to perform a
specific function are called
systems.
– The digestive system is
made up of several organs;
mouth, stomach, intestines.
– The circulatory system
contains the heart, blood
vessels.
REVIEW
cells
tissues
organs
system
Vocabulary words





Cyt – means cells
ology- means study of
Cytology means study of cells
ologist – means specialist
Cytologist – is a specialist who studies cells
Vocabulary
 Hist means tissue
 histology