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Body Systems Enduring Understandings The body is an exquisite, intricate, interconnected mechanism Knowing how your body works allows you to make appropriate choices and better care for it. Learning Targets Essential Questions What are the systems of the body? What makes up each system? How do they work? How does each system affect other systems – how do they interact? What choices can you make to help support each body system? The Digestive System Diseases include: •Ulcers – of any part •Cancer – of any part •Appendicitis •Gallstones •Pancreatitis •Ulcerative Colitis/ Chron’s Disease •Eating Disorders Structures of the Digestive System Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine (colon) Functions: breaks down food so it can provide the minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other substances that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and keep the body functioning The liver transforms toxins into harmless substances that can be excreted. The Skeletal System Structures ligaments, joints, bones. Types of bones flat, irregular, long, short Flexible Joints Hinge Ball and Socket Pivot Gliding (Ellipsoidal) Functions •shapes and provides support for your body •protects many vital organs Injuries and Diseases can include: •Osteoporosis •Fractures •Scoliosis •Bursitis •Bunion •Arthritis •Torn Cartilage •Spina Bifida The Muscular System Structures: tendons and muscles Types of muscles: smooth, skeletal, and cardiac Tendons: connect muscles to bones Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles Voluntary: what you can control flexion & extension Involuntary: breathing, digestion Diseases and Injuries: If you did not have this system, you would not be able to move or breathe, because your muscles perform these functions. •Fibromyalgia •Muscular Dystrophy •Hernia •Tendonitis •Strain or Sprain (RICE) Integumentary System The Largest Organ in the Body because it includes the Skin plus all of the Mucous Membranes Diseases and Injuries include: •Skin Cancer •Eczema •Acne Layers of the Skin (the STRUCTURES) Epidermis: the top or outside layer, including the nails Dermis: contains main functions of the skin, including: hair follicles, sweat and oil glands Hypodermis: mainly fat MAIN FUNCTIONS – what does it do? •waterproofs your body •keeps bacteria and viruses out • regulates heat The Urinary System Injuries and Diseases include: •Kidney Stones •Cystitis, Urethritis, Nephritis •Bladder Infections •Kidney Failure – acute or chronic Main Structures Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle. Functions: The urinary system cleanses the body by removing waste and toxic substances produced by the body. How does it work? The kidneys filter the blood to create urine. The urine travels through the ureters to the bladder, where it is held until it is emptied through the urethra. The Respiratory System Injuries and Diseases include: •Asthma •Bronchitis •Emphysema •Lung Cancer •Lung Punctures •Pneumonia •Tuberculosis Main Structures of the Respiratory System Sinuses, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli, Diaphragm Function: Brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of toxins, including carbon dioxide. This system is vital because your muscles, including your heart which supplies oxygen to the body, need oxygen to work. Cardio-Vascular System Structures: Heart Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up waste. Injuries/Diseases include: Stroke Embolism Cardio-vascular Disease Blood Clots Varicose Veins The Immune System Diseases include: •AIDS •Lymphoma •Leukemia •Allergies Arthritis osteo: cartilage breaks down rheumatoid: inflammation Diabetes Function: Defend your body against foreign materials, mainly bacteria and viruses. Structures Bone marrow: Spleen: Lymph nodes: Thymus: Antibodies: Antigens: B Cells & T Cells Makes white blood cells (leucocytes). Forms lymphocytes and destroys your worn out red blood cells. Filters filled with lymphocytes that destroy bacteria and viruses. Makes T cells, a type of lymphocyte. Proteins used to attack antigens Substances that stimulate a response from the immune system. Specialized cells that fight pathogens The Nervous System Injuries and Diseases include: •Epilepsy •Concussions •Meningitis •Spinal Cord Injuries Cerebral Palsy Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Multiple Sclerosis •Care: ??? Structures: brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Parts of the nerve cell: Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse (Neurotransmitters – the chemical messengers) Functions: The brain is the center of the nervous system, receiving, sending and interpreting signals. The spinal cord is like a highway, connecting the brain to nerves in all parts of your body. Presentation Schedule Day 1 1) 2) 3) Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Day 2 1) 2) 3) Urinary Respiratory Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory) Day 3 1) 2) Nervous system Immune system Body Systems Test Review Systems Review – Fill in any missing information for each system in your journal or on note-taking sheet. Structures – what makes up the system Functions – what it does Care – what is the best care for this system? Problems/ Diseases of system Interactions with other systems Assignments HW: Body System Interactive Journal Check #2 – Body Systems Notes Presentations – Individual & Group grade Reflections on Goal #1: Intellectual Set Goal #2: Social area Body System Test *T/F: if F, then correct for extra points Decision Making Organ Transplants What is your Body worth? Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’ John Q segment – Who makes the decisions about organ transplants? And how?