Download Orientation Session Slides

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Welcome to this
HIV AIDS simulation!
Use the arrow buttons
on the keyboard to move
forward & backward
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Firstly, an introduction to…
the HIV virus
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Image from www.uhmc.sunysb.edu/surgery/ vasc-ctr.html
Blood can be found in
the arteries and veins
of the body. The
blood carries vital
oxygen to the parts
of the body.
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Blood actually
consists of many
small objects, each
with a special task
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The immune system works
to fight off infections in the
blood.
It consists of the following
components…
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Helper T4 Cell
Memory B Cell
Killer T8 Cell
Antibody
Macrophage
Red Blood Cell
Plasma B Cell
Virus
Now we discuss their different roles…
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Helper T4 Cell
This is the most important cell
in the immune system. It
recognises a virus and sets
the B-cells and killer T8 cells
into action against the virus.
However, when it has been
infected by HIV it becomes a
virus factory.
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Killer T8 Cell
This is a killer cell in the
immune system. It destroys
viruses when the helper T4
cell asks it do so. Because HIV
hides inside helper T4 cells,
this T8 cell will not be able to
find the HIV and cannot kill
them.
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Macrophage
This cell acts like a security
guard in the immune system.
It captures a virus and sends
an alert signal to the helper
T4 cell.
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Plasma B Cell
This cell produces antibodies
when the helper T4 cell tells it
to do so.
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Memory B Cell
Once the body has defeated
an infection, this B-memory
cell remembers information
about the virus so the body’s
immune system can respond
more quickly next time.
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Antibody
This cell attaches itself to a
virus, preventing the virus
from attacking other cells.
Because HIV hides inside
helper T4 cells, this antibody
will not be able to find the HIV
and therefore can’t stop them.
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Red Blood Cell
This cell plays no part in the
immune system. The body
needs oxygen to survive, so
these cells fetch the oxygen
from the lungs and carry it to
the whole body.
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HIV
This virus attaches to the
helper T4 cell and hides
inside. It then uses the helper
T4 cell as a virus factory.
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The process works
as follows…
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A virus or infection arrives
Virus
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The virus infects body cells
Helper T4 cell
Virus
New viruses
Normal body cells
The virus enters the helper T4 cells
and uses them to build new viruses
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The immune system is alerted
Macrophage
The macrophage attaches
to the virus
and sends a signal to the
helper T4 cells for help
Helper T4 cell
Virus
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The cells multiply in response
Memory B cells
Killer T8 cells
Helper T4 cells
Plasma B cells
The helper T4 cells multiply
and send messages to the B
cells and killer T8 cells to
multiply. The plasma B cells
produce antibodies.
Antibodies
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The attack begins
Killer T8 cells destroy
the infected cells
Killer T8 cells
Infected body cells
Antibodies attach to
viruses and neutralise
them
Antibody
Virus
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Normal end to the battle
With normal
viruses like flu,
the battle
would now end
Memory B cells
Memory B cells remember
the virus so that the battle
can be won more quickly
in future
The virus is destroyed in
the body
Virus
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But with HIV…
However with HIV,
the virus hides
inside the helper T4
cells, so they
cannot be found.
Virus
Helper T4 cell
Therefore the immune system
cannot destroy the HIV virus.
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Next, an introduction to…
the simulation
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The simulation takes place inside a
human vein. It demonstrates how the
virus spreads, and how the body’s
immune system tries to fight the virus.
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Here is a typical scene:
HIV
Helper T4 cell
Vein walls
Macrophage
Plasma B cell
Red blood
cell
Antibody
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The simulation will start when HIV first
enters the blood, and will finish when
the person has reached the stage of
having AIDS.
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Finally, an introduction to…
the controls
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Exploring your
environment
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To look around:
Move the mouse
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To move forwards:
Press the left button
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To move backwards:
Press the right button
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Using the menu
Information
Menu of
options
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To open the menu:
Press the wheel button down
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To highlight a menu option:
Roll the mouse wheel
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To choose that menu option:
Press the wheel button down again
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Getting more
information
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Point the centre
crosshair at an object
when you open
the menu
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Remember!
You can quit at any time
by pressing:
the escape key
Esc
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Thank you for your
participation in this orientation!