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Cancer Treatment th Andrea Janeš Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat Choice of Cancer Treatment Specific characteristics of cancer Patient’s overall condition Goals of treatment: cure keep from spreading relieve symptoms Options Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Hormonal therapy Targeted therapy Biological therapy Personalized Cancer Care Clinical Trials Stem Cell Transplantation Surgery Used to: diagnose cancer (eg. biopsy) determine its stage treat cancer (eg. resection) Biopsy Curative surgery Cryosurgery Debulking surgery Electrosurgery Laser surgery Prophylactic surgery Palliative surgery Restorative or reconstructive surgery Staging surgery Radiation therapy Local treatment High-energy rays May be externally or internally delivered Not useful in disseminated disease External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) Via linear accelerators Delivered on an outpatient basis for approximately 6 to 8 weeks Radiation from multiple directions Delivered specifically to an organ or encompassing the surrounding area, including lymph nodes Brachytherapy Radioactive material placed directly into or near the cancer Additional boost of radiation or the only type of radiation therapy Permanent or temporary Chemotherapy Systemic treatment Single drugs or combinations of drugs Administered through a vein, injected into a body cavity, or delivered orally in the form of a pill Regimen/protocol Adjuvant therapy Neo-adjuvant therapy Concurrent therapy Side effects Alopecia Fibrosis Mucositis Myelosuppresion Nausea and vomiting Pneumonitis Xerostomia Hormonal Therapy Reduces the amount of hormone circulating in the body Blocks the hormone receptors on cancer cell membrane Drugs and/or removal of organs that secrete hormones Targeted Therapy Drugs that target a specific pathway in the growth and development of a tumor The targets are various molecules in the body that are known or suspected to play a role in cancer formation Biological Therapy Uses the body’s immune system to facilitate the killing of cancer cells Interferon, interleukin, monoclonal antibodies, colony stimulating factors (cytokines), and vaccines Resources http://www.cancerconsultants.com/cancer -treatment http://www.oncolink.org/treatment/index. cfm