Download islam - Effingham County Schools

ISLAM
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
ISLAM
RECALL THE RELIGIONS
DISCUSSED.
 RELIGIONS OR BELIEF
SYSTEMS
 HINDUISM
 JUDAISM
 ZOROASTRIANISM
 BUDDHISM
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CONFUCIANISM
DAOISM
 LEGALISM
 JAINISM
 CHRISTIANITY
 1 RCC
 2 EOC
 3 MYRIAD (MANY)
PROTESTANT
DENOMINATIONS
(GROUPS)
 ISLAM
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ISLAM
SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and
expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE
and 1300 CE.
 Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the
Islamic Empire.
 Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe,
and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.
 Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia
Muslims.
 Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine
(Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
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ISLAM
Describe the impact of the Crusades on
both the Islamic World and Europe.
 Analyze the impact of the expansion of the
Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of
trading networks from China to the
Mediterranean world.
 Analyze the relationship between Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam.
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ISLAM
1monotheistic and Abrahamic religion
2Qur'an (KORAN), a text considered by its
adherents to be the verbatim word of God,
Allāh)
3the teachings and example of
Muhammad, the last prophet of God and
founder of religion
4adherent of Islam is called a Muslim
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The majority of Muslims are Sunni, being 75–90% of all Muslims
second largest sect, Shia, makes up 10–20%
WHAT ARE MOST POPULATED MUSLIM MAJORITY NATIONS?
Indonesia home to 12.7%
Pakistan (11.0%)
Bangladesh
Egypt (4.9%)
Sizable minorities are also found in India, China, Russia, and parts
of Europe
1.6 to 1.7 billion followers or 22 to 24% of earth's population
second-largest and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world
SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH, MEANING
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
WHAT ARE THE FIVE PILLARS?
 (1) the shahadah (creed) THERE IS ONE GOD, ALLAH,
AND MUHAMMED IS HIS PROPHET
 (2) daily prayers (salat) PRAY 5 TIMES DAILY, FACING
HOLY CITY OF MECCA
 (3) almsgiving (zakah)
 (4) fasting during Ramadan, HOLY MONTH
 (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a
lifetime
 The Shia and Sunni sects both agree on the essential
details for the performance of these acts.
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The Kaaba, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is the
center of Islam. Muslims from all over the
world gather there to pray in unity.
ORIGINS
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FOUNDER: MUHAMMED
570-632
trader later becoming a religious, political, and military leader
Muslims do not view Muhammad as the creator of Islam, but instead regard
him as the last messenger of God, through which the Qur'an was revealed
Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted
monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets
In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophets
During the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE,
according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad reported
revelations that he believed to be from God
The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and
recorded by his companions
During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, imploring
them to abandon polytheism
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi
 (the Mosque of the Prophet) Medina,
Saudi Arabia
 2nd most sacred Mosque in Islam,
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ISLAM SPREAD ALONG ROUTES OF
TRADE AND CONQUEST TO INDIA,
CHINA, PARTS OF EUROPE AND AFRICA
SUNNI MUSLIMS BELIEVE that the first
four caliphs (LEADERS) were the rightful
successors to Muhammad
 God (ALLAH) did not specify any particular
leaders to succeed him, those leaders had
to be elected
 Sunnis believe that a caliph should be
chosen by the whole community
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SHIA MUSLIMS BELIEVE that Muhammad did not
appoint a successor
the prophet appointed his son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as
his successor
Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Imam (leader), rejecting
the legitimacy of the previous Muslim caliphs since they
were not appointed by the prophet
Shias believe that the political and religious leadership of
Imams come from the direct descendants of Muhammad
and Ali
To most Shias, an Imam rules by right of divine
appointment and holds "absolute spiritual authority"
among Muslims, having final say in matters of doctrine
and revelation
FAMOUS MUSLIMS
IBN SINA
 IBN BATTUTA
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