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ISLAM WHAT DO YOU KNOW? ISLAM RECALL THE RELIGIONS DISCUSSED. RELIGIONS OR BELIEF SYSTEMS HINDUISM JUDAISM ZOROASTRIANISM BUDDHISM CONFUCIANISM DAOISM LEGALISM JAINISM CHRISTIANITY 1 RCC 2 EOC 3 MYRIAD (MANY) PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS (GROUPS) ISLAM ISLAM SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). ISLAM Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ISLAM 1monotheistic and Abrahamic religion 2Qur'an (KORAN), a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God, Allāh) 3the teachings and example of Muhammad, the last prophet of God and founder of religion 4adherent of Islam is called a Muslim The majority of Muslims are Sunni, being 75–90% of all Muslims second largest sect, Shia, makes up 10–20% WHAT ARE MOST POPULATED MUSLIM MAJORITY NATIONS? Indonesia home to 12.7% Pakistan (11.0%) Bangladesh Egypt (4.9%) Sizable minorities are also found in India, China, Russia, and parts of Europe 1.6 to 1.7 billion followers or 22 to 24% of earth's population second-largest and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH, MEANING FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM WHAT ARE THE FIVE PILLARS? (1) the shahadah (creed) THERE IS ONE GOD, ALLAH, AND MUHAMMED IS HIS PROPHET (2) daily prayers (salat) PRAY 5 TIMES DAILY, FACING HOLY CITY OF MECCA (3) almsgiving (zakah) (4) fasting during Ramadan, HOLY MONTH (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime The Shia and Sunni sects both agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts. The Kaaba, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is the center of Islam. Muslims from all over the world gather there to pray in unity. ORIGINS FOUNDER: MUHAMMED 570-632 trader later becoming a religious, political, and military leader Muslims do not view Muhammad as the creator of Islam, but instead regard him as the last messenger of God, through which the Qur'an was revealed Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophets During the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE, according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad reported revelations that he believed to be from God The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his companions During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, imploring them to abandon polytheism Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) Medina, Saudi Arabia 2nd most sacred Mosque in Islam, ISLAM SPREAD ALONG ROUTES OF TRADE AND CONQUEST TO INDIA, CHINA, PARTS OF EUROPE AND AFRICA SUNNI MUSLIMS BELIEVE that the first four caliphs (LEADERS) were the rightful successors to Muhammad God (ALLAH) did not specify any particular leaders to succeed him, those leaders had to be elected Sunnis believe that a caliph should be chosen by the whole community SHIA MUSLIMS BELIEVE that Muhammad did not appoint a successor the prophet appointed his son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as his successor Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Imam (leader), rejecting the legitimacy of the previous Muslim caliphs since they were not appointed by the prophet Shias believe that the political and religious leadership of Imams come from the direct descendants of Muhammad and Ali To most Shias, an Imam rules by right of divine appointment and holds "absolute spiritual authority" among Muslims, having final say in matters of doctrine and revelation FAMOUS MUSLIMS IBN SINA IBN BATTUTA