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The Atlantic World 1492-1800 The Voyages of Columbus What we know What we want to know What we learned Columbus Sets Sail Embarks from Spain in 1492 3 ShipsThe Nina The Pinta The Santa Maria Instead of sailing south around Africa then east, Columbus sails west across the Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to Asia Columbus Finds Land First sees land on October 12, 1492 Columbus lands on an island in the Bahamas Claims the island for Spain, calls it San Salvador Meets the inhabitants -calls them los indios *we still today mistakenly refer to Native Americans as Indians What observations does Columbus make in his journal of the natives? Columbus Returns to Spain Returns to Spain in early 1493 with six of the los indios Spain agrees to finance three more trips to the west Columbus makes his 2nd trip in September, 1493 -fleet of 17 ships -over 1,000 soldiers, crewmen, colonists Chapter 20: Terms Colonies: lands that are controlled by another nation A group of people leave their native country to settle in a new land The Voyages of Columbus What we know What we want to know What we learned Other Explorers Take to the Seas Amerigo Vespucci Also an Italian (who else was Italian?) Sailed for Portugal Traveled along the coast of South America and claimed that it was a “new land” not Asia In 1507, a German mapmaker named the “new land” America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci Other Explorers Take to the Seas Ferdinand Magellan Convinced the king of Spain to fund a voyage to the Pacific Ocean which was yet to be explored -set sail in 1519 -5 ships, 250 men -reached the Philippines where Magellan dies 18 men and one ship make it back to Spain in 1522, the first people to sail around the world AZTEC NEWS Assignment You will be working in teams Your team should have: 1 (or 2) news anchors An Aztec warrior An Aztec citizen A Conquistador You will need to research and prepare a news broadcast of the events of the conquests of the Aztecs from 1519 to 1521 Groups will present their broadcasts to the class on Thursday, October 6th. Broadcasts/presentations must be between 5 and 8 minutes and will be timed. Teams will be graded on their preparedness, the relevance of the questions in the broadcast, and the accuracy of their answers. Extra credit will be given for theatricality AZTEC NEWS Assignment News Anchors: Prepare a minimum of three questions for each of the guests on your news broadcast (an Aztec Citizen, an Aztec warrior, and a Spanish Conquistador) Aztec Government Official: You will be speaking regarding the possible reasons for the conquests and its effects on the cities Aztec Warrior: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests Conquistador: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests Keep in mind the 5 W’s of journalism: Who, What, Where, When, and Why Cortez Conquers the Aztecs Questions/Keywords Notes Summary Chapter 20: Terms Conquistadors: (conquerors) Spanish explorers in the new world Conquered much of the Americas for Spain and Portugal Created colonies in Mexico, South America and the United States The Aztec Empire: A Quick Review The Aztec Empire Population: 200,000 to 400,00 in the early 1500’s Built a central city with palaces, temples, and government buildings Had “floating gardens” which produced large amounts of food to feed the large population Had other goods such as cotton, gold, and jade Spanish Conquests in Mexico Hernando Cortes A Spanish explorer Lands on the shore of Mexico in 1519 Marches inland looking to conquer more new land for Spain Cortez Conquers the Aztecs Cortez learns of the wealth and gold of the Aztecsmarches with his men to their capital Montezuma sees Cortez in armor and thinks he is a godshares his gold supply with Cortez Cortez Conquers the Aztecs In 1521 Cortez and his men conquer the Aztecs even though they were extremely outnumbered How does he do this?? Cortez Conquers the Aztecs 1. Superior weaponry: swords, muskets, and cannons vs. bow and arrows 2. Allies other native groups: resented the Aztecs for heavy taxes and harsh practices 3. Aztecs had no immunity to European diseases: mumps, measles, smallpox, typhus Spanish Conquests in Peru Francisco Pizarro A Spanish Conquistador Traveled with about 200 men to conquer land in South America Conquered the Incan Empire in peru Spanish Conquests in Peru Francisco Pizarro Called for a meeting with the Incans - ambushed them and killed all but the Incan Ruler Atahualpa Kidnapped Atahualpa - asks for a ransom Spanish Conquests in Peru Francisco Pizarro Incans gave a large sum of wealth (gold and silver) in exchange for Atahualpa’s release After receiving the ransom, Pizarro killed Atahualpa Spanish Conquests in Peru Francisco Pizarro After killing the Incan king, Pizzaro marched to the Incan capital, Cuzco, and captures it without struggle in 1533 Spain’s Pattern of Conquest 1. A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed relationships with native women. 2. What is encomienda? 3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers? Spain’s Pattern of Conquest 1. A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed relationships with native women. mestizo 2. What is encomienda? A system where natives farmed, ranshed, or mined for Spanish landlords 3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers? They promised to treat workers fairly and with respect. They abused the natives and worked many laborers to death. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest 1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find deplorable? 2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542? 3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns? Spain’s Pattern of Conquest 1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find deplorable? A Dominican monk. The encomienda system 2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542? African slaves, who he believed to be harder workers 3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns? Other nations of Europe who had begun to build their own colonies in the Americas