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The American Civil War “Bull Run to Antietam” The Union and Confederacy in 1861 Railroad Lines, 1860 Resources: North & the South Men Present for Duty in the Civil War Overview of Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan vs. the War of Attrition Battle of Bull Run, July 1861 Battle of Antietam Creek, September 1862 • The Confederates were defending their homeland for the first year in Virginia (1st/2nd Battle of Bull Run). • The South was finally ready to invade the North (slip into W. Maryland and on to D.C.) • Lee (40,000 troops), McClellan (75,000 w/ 25,000 in reserve). • 12,000 total casualties in 3 hours! • 28,000 total at the end of the day…South retreats! Emancipation Proclamation (January, 1863) “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not to either save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others along, I would also do that.” What did it do? • Every slave working in a field or factory freed a white Southerner to fire a gun at Union soldiers • War strategy- weaken confederate efforts • Slaves in areas of rebellion are free • Did not free slaves in border states nor Confederate areas under Union control • Northerners worried about job loss The Progress of War: 1861-1865 Casualties on Both Sides Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars