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Transcript
The Reconstruction Era Review 1. What war ended in 1865? 2. What happened shortly after the war to a key leader that called into question the “victory” of the North? 3. What two sides were fighting? • What was each side fighting for? 4. What was the status of African Americans? • North? South? Reconstruction • What is Reconstruction? • The re-building of the nation after the Civil War • Re-building of the South • Well, what is the big deal? Just put it back together, right? WRONG? After the War • South lay in ruins (destroyed) • Southern economy collapsed - WHY????? • Southern States seceded from the Union • What the heck does that mean??? • Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs • The North and South were VERY divided about how to fix it Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667. Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667. • Aftershock 1 We tried all sorts of things • • • • Lincoln’s Reconstruction Johnson’s Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan • Reunite Union quickly • Did not want to punish the South • Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction ACTIVITY: Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg • Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 • Andrew Johnson became President John Wilkes Booth http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpg Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson • In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S. • Each state must approve the 13th Amendment • Then each state could rejoin the Union Aftershock 2 (0:00-8:30) Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg The Black Codes • To limit the rights of freedmen. • To help planters find workers to replace their slaves. • To keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South. ACTIVITY: First-Hand Accounts of Black Codes Response to Johnson’s Plan How do you think northern Republicans liked Johnson’s plan? What do you think northern Republicans feared? Radical Reconstruction • Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction • Break the power of the southern planters • Impose Republican govt’s • Station Federal troops in South • Make sure African Americans had the right to vote http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/sespics/34004.jpg Radical Reconstruction • What Amendment freed the slaves? • 14th Amendment, 1868 • 15th Amendment, 1870 • AVTIVITY: Studying the Amendments Who won? Did Andrew Johnsons executive authority overpower congress? Did the Radical Republicans take control and override Johnson? Aftershock 3 Southern Resistance • Who has heard of the KKK? • Does anyone know when the KKK began? • Aftershock: KKK Reconstruction Ends… • Republicans lost power on congress • Northern Americans lost passion for the fight • Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians to win election • Remove Federal troops from the South • “Redeemer” governments replaced republicans in the South • White Supremacy rages on in Southern states Blacks could still vote, right? • Southern states passed laws to bar blacks from voting • Poll tax and literacy test. • The “Grandfather Clause” stated that anyone whose father or grandfather could vote before January, 1 1867 • Pay a Poll Tax • Take a literacy test Sharecropping • Many poor black families in the south took to the life of sharecroppers… • What a better way to learn about sharecropping than to play a game! • ACTIVITY: Sharecropping simulation Project Time! • It will be your group’s job to put together your own plan for reconstruction! • Everyone group will be assigned a role • Free black • Former slave owner • Northern Republican • Scalawag