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The Civil War
How These Notes Work…
The notes you should take can be conveyed from the
PowerPoint presentations.
I use PowerPoint to keep my thoughts clear and organized.
If a “*” is at the end of a sentence, it is important to write
down.
If a “*” is at the end of the title of a slide, all the information is
important.
Of course, all information on the slides is important in
history…knowing it will contribute to you being more
knowledgeable about social studies.
Organizing for War
Fort Sumter- April 12, 1861 decided which path the Civil War
was going to take. The act was a virtual declaration of war.*
Lincoln calls for militia volunteers to put down the southern
“insurrection.” Effects? What were blacks told?*
Many did not believe there would actually be an actual war.
Men enlisted with 90 day service contracts; 75,000 state
militiamen were raised for battle.
Resource Battle
Statistic showed that the north would win; the north had
one factory for every southern worker.*
-70% of railroads are in the north
-187k troops in the north;112k in south
BUT, it would take time to mobilize northern production in
factories for the war. With little money, this proved
difficult.*
Around a quarter of regular army officers followed Lee to
the south and bled the union of military expertise.
The South produced most cotton and other goods to
Britain and France-why would this be important?
The Border States
Possessing most of the railroads, infrastructure, and
southern ironworks, the border states were vital to the
south.*
Lincoln needed Maryland-why?
Lincoln jails hundreds of southern sympathizers to keep
them quiet and denies them trial? What happens?*
The President has to deal with slavery very carefully.*
Chaos in the Country
Everything in the south had to be made new, including
government.*
What was the status of the confederate government?
What was the status of the federal government?
Lincoln and Davis were both formidable men. Both
wished to run their own governments and expand the
powers of their presidencies.*
War in the East*
The Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, 1861. Outcome?
George McClellan took command of northern forces. He had
considerable organizational ability but no desire to be daring on
the battlefield. McClellan transformed the Army of the
Potomac into a fighting force- the short term militia went home.
He believed he would win the war by maneuvering rather than
fighting.
In March of 1862 Lincoln pushed McClellan to lead the army of
130,000 to Richmond. The army was pushed back by Lee just
north of the city. The peninsula campaign was abandoned.
With no clear victor at Antietam the war in the west was at a
stalemate.
War in the West*
The brains of the operation may have been in Richmond but the other
theaters of war were in the West, especially around the Mississippi
River and the other in the Midwest.
Motives in the West were to dominate Kentucky and eastern
Tennessee, then, by capturing the Mississippi the south could be cut
in two.
Grant rose to power in the West and won many successful battles
including capturing Fort Henry. At Shiloh Church, he lost 13,000 men
and the Confederates lost 10,000. More than all wars previously in 2
days.
The Missouri river was a huge asset to both sides for supply chains.
On the water, ironclad ships like the Merrimac and Virginia waged war
over access to ports and blockades.
Naval Warfare
The naval blockade set in place by the
Union was not working.
The south raised the warship Merrimac and
rebuilt it as a ironclad named the Virginia.
What happens?*
Europe
…was cautious. Countries did not want to upset
the balance of power.
The South was convinced Europe would recognize
them with cotton diplomacy, they didn’t. Why?*
Seward threatens Britain with war if they
intervene. Good move?
Problems and Solutions
War costs a lot of money. Northern and southern governments issued paper
money, or Greenbacks in the north, to pay for the war- inflation was
rampant.*
Why were soldiers shocked by their duty? How did the government combat
unpopularity?
How successful was the Confederate government?
How successful was the Federal government?
Jefferson Davis was unpopular and nearly impeached. With no political
parties, he took all the criticisms personally .
Lincoln had Democrats (Copperheads) upset with his handling of the draft.
Radical Republicans pushed Lincoln to make emancipation a wartime
objective. Lincoln needed something to please both parties…it would come
in the Emancipation Proclamation.*
Blacks at War
Understanding the need for more troops,
blacks were allowed to be in combat.*
Frederick Douglass pushed for it, hoping it
would lead to respect. 186,000 served*
Blacks made $10 a month while whites
made $13
Changing Strategies
Lee, realizing it was pointless fighting a defensive war, pushes
into Pennsylvania to Gettysburg.*
Lee and Meade meet at Gettysburg, Lee sends in three divisions
(15k) and only few return.
With such losses, Gettysburg marked the turn of the tide in the
East.*
In the West, Grant was Lincoln’s savior. He was named
commander of the Union army and ended the war in one year.*
Sherman wanted to make the war a civilian one and burned a
path through Georgia.
Union troops drove Lee south to Appomattox where he would
surrender on April 9, 1865.
Changes from War
In the South the war changed society itself. Why?
Master-slave relations crumbled.*
What happened in the north?*
Lincoln’s reforms stuck. He pushed the power of
the president to its limits.
Banking acts established proper currency.
Farming increased with new machinery.
Women and the War
With men away fighting the war, women carried physical
and emotional burdens that were overcome.
Many women joined the military to become nurses.
Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton nursed the wounded and
dying for low pay or for none at all.*
Many women, for the first time, felt they were
participating in the world. When men returned so did the
old ways.
Conclusion
Lincoln won in 1864 against George McClellan.
The north won for many reasons, which you will
discuss in your essays over the weekend.
About 500,000 soldiers died with 275,000
maimed.
The war decided states rights, slavery, and the
future of society.
Discuss
Right now work with a partner discuss the effects
of the civil war and begin thinking about topics for
your essay.
Over the weekend focus on pages 479-489 to
discuss the changes in the north and south after
the Civil War.
Lesson on Chapter 16 on Friday.