Download Class Notes - Mrs. Wilcoxson

The War Begins
Essential Questions
1. To what extent were the North and South different at the start of
the Civil War?
2. How did the Battle of Antietam pave the way for President Lincoln
to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
3. What was the enduring effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?
• The single bloodiest
day of the war. The
Northern and
Southern armies will
collide on September
17, 1862.
• The Confederate
Army retreat after 12
hours of battle;
however, 23,000
soldiers were killed,
wounded, or missing.
Antietam:
The Bloodiest Day of
the War
The Commanders
• Confederate Forces
• Robert E. Lee
• Union Forces
• George B. McClellan
After this battle President Abraham
Lincoln will replace George
McClellan and will appoint General
Ulysses S. Grant as commander of
the Union Army.
• The South Strikes Hard as Lee
invades Maryland.
Objectives
• Maryland was a slave state that stayed in the Union and supported
Lincoln’s presidency.
• Robert E. Lee commander of the Confederate army wanted to cut
off the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to limit resources in the north
and make transportation difficult.
• He threatens to take Washington D.C.
• The Confederate Troops fight hard and force McClellan to return
to Union territory.
The Union outnumbers the Confederates by
almost double:
• Antietam will be the first major battle to
take place on Northern soil. The
Confederate Army was almost defeated.
• This was a huge loss to the Confederate
Army.
• Bloodiest single day in American history
The Battle
• High casualties for both sides ended the fighting.
• Lee and his men retreat back across the Potomac into
Virginia.
• McClellan failed to chase them when he a chance to
defeat the confederate army. This TOO cautious move
will lead President Lincoln to replace him.
• President Lincoln felt confident enough to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Outcome
Quick Facts about Antietam:
“Bloodiest Battle”
Killed
Wounded
Captured/
Missing
Confederate 2,700
9,024
2,000
Union
9,549
753
2,108
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln wanted a Union victory before issuing the
Emancipation Proclamation but Antietam was such a loss to the
Confederate Army Lincoln felt confident enough to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation.
• On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the proclamation,
freeing slaves in in states who had succeeded from the Union
ONLY.
• This document stated that on January 1, 1863 all the persons
held as slaves in any state or part of state waging war with the
USA would be forever free.
Why did the Proclamation only free
slaves in the Confederate States?
• Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, and Missouri
had stayed in the Union as
slave states and supported
Lincoln’s presidency.
• Lincoln couldn’t anger these
valuable border states so he
allowed slavery to continue
in those states but made it
illegal in succeed southern
states.
The Emancipation Proclamation
• Slaves were growing crops and
supplying the Confederacy with
food, supplies and ammunition.
• Lincoln thought that if he freed all
slaves they would stop working
the plantations and the
Confederacy would run out of
supplies.
• Also, Lincoln thought that if he
freed all slaves they would fight
for the Union and help defeat the
Confederate Army.
Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation
Proclamation?
• The Confederacy had a
choice either surrender and
slavery would be allowed to
continue OR continue to
fight and the institution of
slavery would ultimately
come to an end.
• Confederate leaders chose to
fight and not surrender.
An Ultimatum is Given to Rebelling
Southern States…
1. Escaped slaves hiding in
the north were declared
free men.
2. Some of Georgia’s
islands were freed.
3. The Union’s war strategy
changed and now
included ending slavery
totally, instead of just
preserving the Union and
containing slavery.
Results
Results
4. France and England, both
supporters of abolition, refused
to recognize or aid the
Confederate States of America.
5. Lincoln’s place as the
Republican Candidate for the
election of 1864 was solidified.
6. News of the Proclamation
spread to the South, but most
slaves had nowhere to go so
most stayed and worked on
plantations for food and
housing.
Results
• The Emancipation Proclamation
ultimately affected 4 million
slaves and will end 244 years of
slavery.
• It transformed the character of
the war.
• It gave the Union a stronger
cause to fight for and it
strengthened the Union both
militarily and politically.
• Imagine that you are a newspaper journalist during the
Civil War. You just watched President Abraham
Lincoln announce his Proclamation to the world
giving the succeeded states a choice to surrender or
keep fighting. Describe the Emancipation
Proclamation, the moral and feelings of America on
both sides, and ultimately its devastating results. Add
a prediction of what you think will happen now that
southern states have refused to stop fighting.
• Remember, newspaper readers want to know
• WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and WHY?
Homework Assignment