Download War - Images

The Civil War
Choosing Sides
Border states
Delaware
Maryland
Martial law
Suspended habeas corpus
Lincoln calls for 75,000
troops
Upper South secedes
Virginia
Robert E. Lee
CSA capital – Richmond, VA
Arkansas
North Carolina
Tennessee
Kentucky remains “neutral”
Missouri
Pro-slavery governor –
Claiborne Jackson
John C. Frémont imposed
martial law
Freed slaves of Confederate
sympathizers
Overturned by Lincoln
West Virginia
Became its own state in 1863
Balance Sheet of War
Confederate Advantages
Union Advantages
Enormous industrial
capacity
Railroads
Naval superiority
22 million people
Financial Assets
Controlled U.S. Treasury
Military colleges
Southern culture
Experienced military officers
Highly motivated
Defensive war
Slave labor
Confederate disadvantages
Weak central government
Only one major factory
Only one major railroad
No navy
9 million people (1/3 slaves)
Difficulty financing the war
The Politics of War
Leadership of Lincoln
Northern Democrats
Primary focus: Preserve
War Democrats
“My paramount object in this struggle
the union
Democrats
is to savePeace
the Union,
and is not either
Secession not only illegal,
“Copperheads”
to
save
or
to
destroy slavery. If I could
but impossible
rights
limitations
save Civil
the Union
without
freeing any
Assumed enormous war
Conscription
instituted
slave
I
would
do
it,
and
if I could save
powers
NYC riot
it by freeingInspired
all the slaves
I would do
Maintain political coalition
Suspended writ of habeas
Republicans
Abolitionists
Unionists
it, and if I could save it by freeing
corpus
some and leaving others alone, I
“Must
I shoot
simple-minded
would
alsoado
that.”
soldier~ Abraham
boy who deserts
I must
Lincolnwhile
~
not touch a hair of a wily agitator
who induces him to desert?”
~ Abraham
Lincoln ~
Civil War Diplomacy
CSA sought recognition
from European powers
“King Cotton”
France will follow Britain’s
lead
South must win a major
victory
The First “Modern” War
“Total war”
Technology
Railroads
Telegraph
Aerial observation
Submarine attack
Primitive machine guns
“Gatling gun”
Rifles
Conoidal bullets
Breech loading artillery
Trench warfare
Tactics very traditional
Opening Strategies
Most expected a short war
South
Defensive war of attrition
Avoid large battles
Extend the war
North
“Anaconda Plan”
Naval Blockade
Take control of
Mississippi River
The Blockade
“Blockade runners”
Ironclads
Merrimack  CSS Virginia
USS Monitor
The War Opens
First Battle of Bull Run
Rebel forces at Manassas
Junction
North hopes for quick
victory
July 21, 1861
Thomas J. Jackson
“Stonewall” Jackson
“Look! There is Jackson
standing like a stone wall!”
~ General
Barnard Bee ~
The Army of the Potomac
George B. McClellan
“He has the slows.”
~ Abraham
Lincoln ~
The War in the West
Ulysses S. Grant
Pushed Confederates out
of KY and TN
April 29, 1862
Vicksburg remains in
Confederate hands
“I cannot spare this man; he fights.”
~ Abraham
“No terms except an
unconditional and immediate
surrender can be accepted.”
~ Ulysses
S. Grant ~
Lincoln ~
“You just find out, to oblige
me, what brand of whiskey
Grant drinks, because I want
to send a barrel of it to each
one of my generals.”
~ Abraham
Lincoln ~
Emancipation Proclamation
Most Northerners
fought for Union
Abolitionists:
Emancipation is a
“military necessity”
Lincoln
“Gradualist”
Emancipation Proclamation
September 22, 1862
Freed only slaves in areas in
rebellion
January 1, 1863
Life During the War
Home Front
Economics
North experienced war
boom
Shortages in South
Bread riots
Non-War Legislation
Homestead Act
Morrill Act
Land-Grant Colleges
Pacific Railroad Act
Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
Battlefield Medicine
Clara Barton
African Americans
Allowed to fight for North
54th Massachusetts
Lee pushed for CSA to do same
Prisoners of War
South refused to exchange black
soldiers for white soldiers
Lincoln stopped all exchanges
Andersonville, GA
Gettysburg
Lincoln removes
McClellan from
command
Lee decides to invade
North
The Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
The Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent, a new
nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated
to the proposition that all men are created
equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war,
testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of
that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of that field, as a final resting place
for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and
proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we
can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember
what we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to
be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here
dedicated to the great task remaining before us
-- that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Politics of Victory
Election of 1864
Referendum
War
Emancipation
Republicans: Lincoln
Union and Emancipation
Democrats: McClellan
Peace and Union
Thirteenth
Amendment
Abolished slavery
Ratified by all but 3
states
End of the War
Sherman’s March
Lee flees Petersburg
Burned Atlanta
captured
“WithRichmond
malice toward
none; with charity
Marched through Georgiafortoall;Appomattox
with firmness inCourt
the right,
as God
House
the sea
Moved North through
Carolinas
Charleston, SC
“Sic semper tyrannis!”
~ John
Wilkes Booth ~
gives us to see the right, let us strive on
April 9, 1865 – Lee
to finish the work we are in; to bind up
surrenders
the nation's wounds; to care for him who
shall Lincoln’s
have borne Assassination
the battle, and for his
widow, and
his14,
orphan--to
do all which
April
1865
“We are not only fighting hostile armies,
may achieve
and cherish
a just and
John
Wilkes
Booth
but a hostile people….We cannot
lasting peace, among ourselves, and with
change the hearts of those people of the
all nations.
South, but we can make war so terrible
~ Lincoln’s Second Inaugural ~
[and] make them so sick of war that
generations would pass away before they
would again appeal to it.”
~ William
Tecumseh Sherman ~