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The Civil War Terms to Know Secede- to withdraw from the Union Union- Northern States against Slavery and want to protect the U.S. as they know it Confederacy- Southern States in favor of slavery and separating from the Union Robert E. Lee- Southern General Ulysses S. Grant- Northern General NORTHERN ADVANTAGES U.S population was 22 million – Only 9 million in South And 1/3 of them were slaves 4:1 military numerical advantage Huge advantage in industrial capacity – Built 453 of 470 locomotives in U.S – Manufactured 97% of all firearms – State of New York produced twice many manufactured products as the entire South SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES I Easier military job to do – To obtain their objective, all the South had to do was turn back invading forces from the North – The North, on the other hand, had to attack and subdue a region as large as Western Europe SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES II Union army only numbered 16,000 men with limited serious combat experience in 1860 Best young officers were from the South and sided with the Confederacy – Robert E. Lee, Joseph Johnson, P.T Beauregard Best and brightest young men in the North attracted to business; in the South they were attracted to P.T. the army Beauregard To mobilize the people of the North into a disciplined, well-equipped and well-led fighting machine would be an immense and difficult job Robert E. Lee SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES III Confederate leaders knew that all the cotton used in northern textile mills and 80% used in Europe came from the South – Could devastate northern industry by holding crop off market – Could create such economic havoc in Europe that European powers would be forced to recognize an independent Confederacy and sell it manufactured products it needed – If north established a naval blockade, England and France would run it and maybe join the South in the war First Shots of the Civil First Battle of the Civil War as at Fort Sumter Confederate forces attack the Union fort that stored weapons and ammunition – The battle lasted for 34 hours – There were no causalities Many historians believe that the first battle of the Civil War was “Bleeding Kansas” 5 years prior to the Civil War 1855. Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Following the surrender of Fort Sumter President Lincoln called out 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to put down the uprising. The South responded with anger – As a result Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas joined the Confederacy