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Civil War Virtual Museum! 1861-1865 By: David Han Click to go to the next set of Doors Part 2 Click here to go to the final set of stairs Part 3 The First Battle of Bull Run General Irvin McDowell, the commander, was not ready for this fight. He needed more time to prepare, because the troops that volunteered were only training for 90 days. On July 16, McDowell marched his poorly trained army to Virginia. The Confederates were camped along Bull Run, and that is how this battle got its name. General Irvin McDowell’s army seemed to be winning after hours of fighting. The troop fell back in the afternoon. This battle was not a big action. Only about 35,000 troops were involved on both sides. The Union suffered 2,900 casualties and the confederate suffered fewer than 2,000. Preparing for War Strengths North Twice as much railroad tracks Movement was quicker Twice as many factories Far more money South Most of the nations military colleges were in the South, the commanders sided with the South They had to defend, which was easier than offending. Felt that they were fighting to preserve their way of life. Preparing for War (cont.) Lincoln ordered a naval blockade of the seceded states. He hoped to prevent Southerners from importing manufactured goods. The Union seized the Confederate capitol. Preparing for War (cont.) Lincoln planned for a defensive war. War of attrition- one side inflicts continuous losses on the enemy in order to wear down its strength. European commanders also learned about bullet instead of muskets. Rifling with bullet- shaped weapons increased accuracy. War in the West Disaster happened at Bull Run, and Lincoln called General George McClellan to build & command a new army. War in the West (cont.) Fort Henry & Donelson were raided in this war. This battle caused a sensation in both the North & the South. War in the West (cont.) At the Shiloh Church, Johnston’s forces attacked Grant’s troops, a successful Union commander. At the Battle of Shiloh, the Southerners drove the Union forces back to the Tennessee River. War in the West (cont.) On June 6, the Union seized Memphis in Tennessee. Only 2 major spots is now remained in the Confederate’s hands War in the East Southerners created a vessel with iron plates on an old wooden steamship. They called in the Merrimack. The Union’s navy was no match for this ship because of its defense. War in the East (cont.) The opposing side, the Confederates, made a similar ship called Monitor. That too had steel plates on the side. The South Attacks With McClellan’s forces still threatening Richmond, Lee had an opportunity to take a chance. He divided his 55,000 man army to strengthen Stonewall Jackson’s army to 80,000 members. The South Attacks (cont.) At the Second Battle of Bull Run, the battle was fought on the same ground where McDowell had been defeated before. Pope has been defeated there. The South Attacks (cont.) At the Battle of Antietam, Lee decided that he can invade the North. The Confederates retreated because of the casualties. Setting the Scene Both sides had to deal with practical and political problems of a long and costly war. General Lee called for a draft- required military service. Setting the Scene (cont.) Not all mobilization efforts were successful. The Confederacy failed to gain recognition- official acceptance as an independent nation. Politics in the North After the loses to the Confederates, Lincoln and his government had to convince some Northern citizens that maintaining the Union was worth the sacrifices they were being asked to make. Emancipation and the War Abolitionists and others attacked Lincoln for not making the military action a war to end slavery. Lincoln resisted pressure to make the abolition of slavery a goal of the war. African Americans Join the War The Emancipation Proclamation inspired Southern Slaves to free themselves & to join the war. When the Civil war began, black volunteers were not allowed to fight. The Congress later approved this. The Hardships of War The Southern Economy was in ruin -Food production declined in the South as the war progressed. The Northern Economy was in ruin -People sold damaged/spoiled equipment to the Union Prison camps were taking place -Around 100 prisoners died each day Medical care was not clean for soldiers -A Union solider was more likely to die in camp or a hospital then he was to be on the battlefield. Victories for General Lee The Battle of Fredericksburg December 13, 1862 The battle of Chancellorsville May 1, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg Lasted 3 days July 1, 1863 – Both armies rushed to Gettysburg July 2, 1863 – Longstreet was not ready to attack July 3, 1863 – Attack on the North end of the Union line Vicksburg Union struggled to capture the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. General Ulysses S. Grant faced these difficulties. The Gettysburg Address On November 19, 1863, 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg. This was a cemetery to honor the Union soldiers who had died. Everett delivered a speech at this event. Grant Takes Command Grant takes command at these events. The Battle of the Wilderness Spotsylvania & Cold Harbor The Siege of Petersburg Shenandoah Sherman in Georgia As Grant’s army advanced against Lee, Sherman began to move south from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to threaten the city of Atlanta. The Election of 1864 Because of the elections, the Republicans temporarily changed their name to the Union Army because it sounds more better for this election. Lincoln won the easy victory gathering 212 out of 233 electoral votes. The End of the War Sherman Movies North February 1865 – General Sherman’s troop heads for South Carolina. Surrender at Appomattox They have been defeated. Lincoln is Assassinated Sadly, Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war Booth, on April 14, 1865, Lincoln has been assassinated. 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