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Civil War Virtual
Museum!
1861-1865
By: David Han
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Part 3
The First Battle of Bull Run
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General Irvin McDowell, the commander, was not ready for this
fight.
He needed more time to prepare, because the troops that
volunteered were only training for 90 days.
On July 16, McDowell marched his poorly trained army to Virginia.
The Confederates were camped along Bull Run, and that is how this
battle got its name.
General Irvin McDowell’s army seemed to be winning after hours of
fighting.
The troop fell back in the afternoon.
This battle was not a big action. Only about 35,000 troops were
involved on both sides.
The Union suffered 2,900 casualties and the confederate suffered
fewer than 2,000.
Preparing for War
Strengths
North
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Twice as much railroad
tracks
Movement was quicker
Twice as many factories
Far more money
South
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Most of the nations military
colleges were in the South,
the commanders sided with
the South
They had to defend, which
was easier than offending.
Felt that they were fighting
to preserve their way of life.
Preparing for War (cont.)
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Lincoln ordered a naval
blockade of the seceded
states.
He hoped to prevent
Southerners from importing
manufactured goods.
The Union seized the
Confederate capitol.
Preparing for War (cont.)
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Lincoln planned for a defensive war.
War of attrition- one side inflicts continuous losses on
the enemy in order to wear down its strength.
European commanders also learned about bullet instead
of muskets. Rifling with bullet- shaped weapons
increased accuracy.
War in the West
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Disaster happened at
Bull Run, and Lincoln
called General
George McClellan to
build & command a
new army.
War in the West (cont.)
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Fort Henry & Donelson were raided in this
war.
This battle caused a sensation in both the
North & the South.
War in the West (cont.)
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At the Shiloh Church, Johnston’s forces
attacked Grant’s troops, a successful
Union commander.
At the Battle of Shiloh, the Southerners
drove the Union forces back to the
Tennessee River.
War in the West (cont.)
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On June 6, the Union seized Memphis in
Tennessee.
Only 2 major spots is now remained in the
Confederate’s hands
War in the East
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Southerners created a vessel with iron
plates on an old wooden steamship.
They called in the Merrimack.
The Union’s navy was no match for this
ship because of its defense.
War in the East (cont.)
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The opposing side, the Confederates,
made a similar ship called Monitor.
That too had steel plates on the side.
The South Attacks
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With McClellan’s forces still threatening
Richmond, Lee had an opportunity to take
a chance.
He divided his 55,000 man army to
strengthen Stonewall Jackson’s army to
80,000 members.
The South Attacks (cont.)
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At the Second Battle of Bull Run, the
battle was fought on the same ground
where McDowell had been defeated
before.
Pope has been defeated there.
The South Attacks (cont.)
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At the Battle of Antietam, Lee decided that
he can invade the North.
The Confederates retreated because of
the casualties.
Setting the Scene
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Both sides had to deal
with practical and political
problems of a long and
costly war.
General Lee called for a
draft- required military
service.
Setting the Scene (cont.)
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Not all mobilization efforts were
successful.
The Confederacy failed to gain
recognition- official acceptance as an
independent nation.
Politics in the North
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After the loses to the
Confederates, Lincoln and
his government had to
convince some Northern
citizens that maintaining
the Union was worth the
sacrifices they were being
asked to make.
Emancipation and the War
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Abolitionists and
others attacked
Lincoln for not making
the military action a
war to end slavery.
Lincoln resisted
pressure to make the
abolition of slavery a
goal of the war.
African Americans Join the War
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The Emancipation Proclamation inspired
Southern Slaves to free themselves & to join the
war.
When the Civil war began, black volunteers were
not allowed to fight. The Congress later
approved this.
The Hardships of War
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The Southern Economy was in ruin
-Food production declined in the South as the war progressed.
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The Northern Economy was in ruin
-People sold damaged/spoiled equipment to the Union
 Prison camps were taking place
-Around 100 prisoners died each day
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Medical care was not clean for soldiers
-A Union solider was more likely to die in camp or a
hospital then he was to be on the battlefield.
Victories for General Lee
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The Battle of Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862
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The battle of Chancellorsville
May 1, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg
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Lasted 3 days
July 1, 1863 – Both armies rushed to Gettysburg
July 2, 1863 – Longstreet was not ready to
attack
July 3, 1863 – Attack on the North end of the
Union line
Vicksburg
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Union struggled to
capture the city of
Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
General Ulysses S.
Grant faced these
difficulties.
The Gettysburg Address
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On November 19, 1863,
15,000 people gathered
at Gettysburg.
This was a cemetery to
honor the Union soldiers
who had died.
Everett delivered a
speech at this event.
Grant Takes Command
Grant takes command at these events.
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The Battle of the Wilderness
Spotsylvania & Cold Harbor
The Siege of Petersburg
Shenandoah
Sherman in Georgia
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As Grant’s army advanced against Lee,
Sherman began to move south from
Chattanooga, Tennessee, to threaten the
city of Atlanta.
The Election of 1864
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Because of the elections, the Republicans
temporarily changed their name to the Union
Army because it sounds more better for this
election.
Lincoln won the easy victory gathering 212 out
of 233 electoral votes.
The End of the War
Sherman Movies North
 February 1865 – General
Sherman’s troop heads
for South Carolina.
Surrender at Appomattox
 They have been defeated.
Lincoln is Assassinated
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Sadly, Lincoln did not live to see the
official end of the war
Booth, on April 14, 1865, Lincoln has been
assassinated.
Works Cited
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http://acamp.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/abe_lincoln.jpg
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http://www.wineexpedition.com/wp-content/2009/03/civil-war-soldiers1300x290.jpg
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http://www.nm.blm.gov/features/dinetah/disk_images/new_spain/muske
t_ball_600.jpg
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http://lonelymachines.org/guns/bullet.png
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http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/georgemcclellan.jpg
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http://www.militaryartgallery.com/images_3_b/b_general_lee.jpg
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http://americancivilwar.com/pictures/Fort_Henry_Naval_Battle.jpg
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http://ap3111.k12.sd.us/Events/gettysburg.jpg
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http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/monitor/images/merrimack_l.jpg
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http://gryphonscry.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/ulysses-s-grant.jpg
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http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civilwar/1862/march/monitor-ironclad.jpg
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http://www.alomani.com/knowledge/history/us/t_union_general_grant.jpg
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http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civilwar/1862/september/second-battle-bull-run-1500.jpg
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http://boudicabpi.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/battle-ofantietam_n1731.jpg
http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/163445/1/Vermont-Division-At-The-Battle-OfChancellorsville.jpg
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1864/august/sherman-marchgeorgia.jpg
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http://dnewell1.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/civil-war-appomattox.jpg
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http://www.ushistory.org/us/images/00000629.jpg
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http://dnewell1.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/civil-war-appomattox.jpg
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http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images1/lincoln_assassination2.jpg