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US History
Review
The Late
Antebellum Era
(1840-1860)
When Americans were
colonists (1607-1783),
the western border was the
Appalachian Mountains
After the
Revolutionary War,
the western border
of the U.S. was the
Mississippi River
After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803,
the western border was the Rocky Mountains
By 1850, the western border
was the Pacific
Ocean
Mexican-American
Annexation
California
War
Gold
of
from
Oregon
to
California
(1846-1848),
Oregon
Rush
Treaty
(1849)
(1846)
of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo,
Annexation
of
Mexican Cession (1848)
Texas (1845)
InMaine
1820,broke
Henry
Clay
negotiated
the
from Massachusetts
Missouri
&
became Compromise
a free state
Missouri became
a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western
territories above the latitude of 36°30'
The Compromise of 1850 solved the
The peopledispute
of Utahbetween
&
sectional
North
& South
The slave
trade
New Mexico could vote
to allow or ban slavery
(popular sovereignty)
California
entered as a
free state
ended in
Washington DC
A stronger Fugitive Slave
Law was created that allowed
Southerners to recapture
slaves in the North
Abolitionists
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
The Civil War &
Reconstruction
(1861-1877)
The Confederate States of America
Advantages of the Union & Confederacy
Antietam, 1862:
Convinced England &
France not to join war with
CSA & convinced Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
Gettysburg, 1863:
The “turning point”
of the Civil War
Vicksburg, 1863:
Cut off Southern access to
Mississippi River & led to
Ulysses Grant’s promotion
The
Civil
War
Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
Reconstruction: 1865-1877
■ Presidential Reconstruction (A Johnson)
–States could come back into the USA
once they ratified the 13th Amendment
–Southerners created black codes to keep
African-Americans inferior
■ Congressional Reconstruction (led by the
“Radical Republicans”)
–The South was placed under military
rule & divided into 5 zones
–Southern states were forced to ratify the
14th & 15th Amendments
Reconstruction Legislation
■ From 1865 to 1877, blacks were
protected & given rights as citizens
–13th Amendment ended slavery
–14th Amendment made it illegal to
discriminate against people due to
race, gender, religion
–15th Amendment gave all black men
the right to vote
–Freedman’s Bureau created to
provide food, 40 acres & a mule, &
schools for African-Americans
Radical Reconstruction (1867-1877)
Created 5 military districts to enforce Reconstruction
But, Radical
Reconstruction was not
adequate to enforce equality in the South
Black codes were common
in many parts of the South
A secret society called
the Ku Klux Klan was
created to keep blacks
inferior & return
“Redeemer Democrats”
to power
■ Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment:
–President Johnson interfered with the
“Radical Reconstruction” plan & was the
1st president to be impeached
–But he was not removed from office
■ The end of Reconstruction:
–The “Second Corrupt Bargain”
(the “Compromise of 1877”)
–President Hayes removed federal troops
& ended military zones
–“Jim Crow” era began (1877-1954)
–Legal segregation in the South
Jim Crow Era (1877 to 1954)
■ Jim Crow laws keep blacks from voting
–Literacy tests—voters have to read
–Poll taxes—voters must pay a tax
–Grandfather clauses—allowed whites to
avoid literacy test & poll taxes
■ In Plessy v Ferguson (1896), the Supreme
Court said segregation was OK (“separate
but equal”)
“Jim Crow” South from 1877 to 1954