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CHAPTER 16 – SEC. 3
THE WAR IN THE WEST
Battle of Fort Henry
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Chickamauga and Chattanooga
BACKGROUND
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North lost some battles but won every major campaign.
In little more than two years the North will cut the South in two.
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1862----fight was for control of the Mississippi River.
Union Gen. U. S. Grant led attack on two Confederate forts on the
Kentucky-Tennessee border.
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson……..Grant attacks Fort Henry in Feb.
1862 and takes the fort over…….Feb. 14…..Grant attacks Fort
Donelson.
Fort Donelson surrenders and the Union takes 13,000 prisoners.
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BATTLE OF SHILOH
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This is a bloody two-day battle on the Tenn.-Mississippi border.
April 1862----Battle slows the Union advance.
Southern Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston planned to surprise and attack
Grant’s troops.
Johnston’s army was of equal size of Grant’s so he decided to attack.
April 6th---Rebels over-run the Grant’s camp……but the Union troops
refused to fall back.
Union Army 53rd Ohio regiment combined with Gen. Ben Prentiss to
repel wave after wave of Confederates……Union soldiers fired so fast
this became known as the “Hornet’s Nest”.
At night…Union was reinforced with 25,000 men….the next day
Grant’s larger force defeated the South
Final tally-----North lost 13,000 while the South lost 11,000
VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN
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Vicksburg, Mississippi was the last southern stronghold that blocked
the Union from controlling the Mississippi River.
Supplies, food and soldiers poured in from the Mississippi River…if
the North could capture the city…the supply line would be cut and the
South would suffer greatly.
Grant hoped to capture the city quickly….
May 1863---Grant begins his most daring campaign…..he decides to
go around the swamp….march deep into Mississippi and come back
and attack on dry land.
Grant cut himself off from his supplies…..had his soldiers only carry
enough food or get it as they marched.
In 17 days, Grant’s forces march 180 miles and win five battles.
Grant tried to take the city by storm….blockaded the city….forced
those in the city to starve or surrender.
VICKSBURG CONTINUED
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Citizens had to eat horses, mules and dogs…..(YUMMY!!!)
July 4, 1863…..the Confederates surrender (the day after the surrender
at Gettysburg).
Victory allowed the North to split the South in half and now they
controlled the Mississippi River.
The South wouldn’t last much longer.
BATTLES OF CHICKAMAUGA AND
CHATTANOOGA
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Battle of Chickamauga---South wins…..their last important victory in
the Civil War.
Battle of Chattanooga---North wins behind Union Gen. William
Tecumseh Sherman.
In the West the North achieved two of it’s goals.
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Naval blockade had cut-off European supplies to the South.
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Split the South.
South lost their railroads and rivers that carried supplies, food and
troops.
South lost the war in the West.
North could now carry out the final step of their plan…..attack the
“deep south”.