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Name ________________________ Date ______ The Civil War Begins I. The Civil War began on April 12th, 1861. The North fought to preserve the Union while the South fought for its independence. II. The war cost more American lives than any other war in history. A. Civil War - 620,000 (420 per day for 4 years) B. WWII - 292,000 / 15 million total C. WWI - 126,000 / 8 ½ million total D. Vietnam - 55,000 E. Korea - 33,000 F. Iraq - 1,000 as of 9/04 III. The Confederate States of America consisted of 11 states with their own constitution. Their constitution was very similar to the U.S. Constitution with just a few exceptions: A. Congress could not interfere with slavery B. No tariffs on imports C. No government money for transportation development D. President could serve 1 – 6 year term E. States were supreme (confederacy) Jefferson Davis IV. Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederate States of America. The capital was in Richmond, VA. 1 Battles 1. Fort Sumter: First Battle of the Civil War A. After the first Southern states had seceded, they began seizing federal forts inside their borders. Ft. Sumter was on a small island at the mouth of the Charleston River. The confederates ordered the Union soldiers at the fort to surrender. When they refused the Confederates attacked the fort easily taking it over. The Southern States were then declared in a state of rebellion. South Carolina 2. Bull Run 1861: First Large Fight A. In the first large battle of the war. The North tried to conquer the South by attempting to take their capital Richmond. The North thought the attack would knock the south out of the war. They even brought along sightseers, Congressmen, and the families of the soldiers. To their surprise the Confederates defeated them. The battle encouraged the South Both sides need more training The war was not going to be short or painless 3. Battle Plans A. North Divide and Conquer Win the Mississippi to divide the South in half. They would have to conquer all the forts on the Mississippi to take control of it. Divide the Eastern Section as well Blockade Stop the south from getting aid from other countries Capture Richmond They were fighting an offensive war in the South. They had to conquer the South. B. South Tire the North Out They were fighting a defensive war in their home territory. Raid North To capture food and supplies Foreign Aid Convince England to join their side. (Aid never came) 2 4. Antietam 1862 A. Robert E. Lee launched an offensive on Washington D.C.. The Union counter attacked meeting the Confederates in Antietam, Maryland before they reached the capital. In a daylong battle over 24,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded. Lee’s troops slipped back into Virginia by night. Neither side won the battle. B. McClellan the General that was in charge of the Union Army was fired because he let Lee escape instead of destroying the Southern Army. C. Lincoln waited for the victory to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. D. England decided not to intervene after the South lost the battle. 5. Emancipation Proclamation 1862 A. Lincoln decided to free all of the slaves in the Confederates States. This did not include the four slave states that were loyal to the Union. The Proclamation stated that all the slaves that were living in states that were currently rebelling were free. Once the Union Army conquered these states the slaves were set free. Emancipate: to free The Proclamation helped America gain support from Europe and Free African Americans African Americans were allowed to join the military Eventually led to the 13th Amendment outlawing slavery The war became a war to end slavery as well as preserve the Union. 6. Shiloh A. General Ulysses S. Grant was sent to take control of the Mississippi River. They were on their way to the place where the Tennessee River meets the Mississippi when the Confederates at Shiloh, Tennessee attacked them. Grant was able to gain a victory over the Confederates. Massive Casualties: more men die in one day at Shiloh then in the whole Revolutionary War. Grant eventually gains control of the Mississippi River blocking Confederate supply boats. 3 7. Vicksburg 1863 A. Grant attacks the fort that controlled the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Memphis. It took six weeks to get the soldiers at Vicksburg to surrender. Divide and Conquer: The Union was able to split the Confederacy in half. A Turning Point: The beginning of the end for the South Grant becomes well known and respected 8. Gettysburg 1863 A. Lee decided to invade the North again this time to isolate Washington D.C. and also to gain supplies. B. The battle lasted 3 Days. C. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the whole war. 53,000 were killed after the battle. D. Turning Point: The south could no longer replace it’s dead soldiers. 4 9. Gettysburg Address Nov. 19, 1863 Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who died here that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have hallowed it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth." 10.Sherman’s March 1864 A. The Union tried to divide the South in half from Tennessee to Savannah. B. Search and Destroy Mission: A campaign to complete destroy anything in their path. The union soldiers burned all the building s in their path as well as the whole city of Atlanta. They killed animals, destroyed crops, railroads, and attacked civilians. The Eastern section of the South was divided. 11.The Wilderness A. A War of Attrition: Grant’s new strategy was to use the Unions superior numbers (2 –1) to smash the South. His plan was to keep chasing Lee’s army no matter how many casualties they suffered. 5 12.Appomattox Court House: Surrender A. Robert E. Lees surrenders the Confederacy to Grant even though did not have the power to speak for the South. Lee’s supplies of men and materials had been exhausted. Grant lost most of the battles between them but won the war. Lee was so respected that his decision was not challenged. 13.Effects of the War A. The Union was saved B. 13th Amendment – Ended Slavery C. 14th Amendment – African Americans became citizens D. 15th Amendment – African Americans were given the right to vote E. The war helped the Northern Economy, but destroyed the plantation system F. G. H. I. and the cotton economy of the South. Sharecropping began to replace the plantation system in the South. Memorial Day Reconstruction Civil Rights Problems KKK prevent many African Americans from voting Jim Crow Laws 6