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The American Civil War
Attack on Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter
The Beginning of the Civil War
The Beginning
Abraham Lincoln won the
1860 presidential election.
States Rights and Slavery
South Carolina secedes and
demands U.S. Army withdraw
troops from Charleston’s
harbor (January 1861)
Lincoln Under Siege
Confederate States’ armies
take control of Charleston,
except for Fort Sumter
Lincoln ordered supply
ships to Fort Sumter to
assist Major Anderson
protect the fort.
Battle at Fort Sumter
• April 12, 1861
Brigadier General
Beauregard ordered the
attack on Fort Sumter.
• The battle lasted for two
days without casualties.
• Major Anderson
surrendered on April
14th.
Lincoln’s Decision
• Lincoln called for
75,000 volunteers to
suppress the rebellion.
• This caused four more
states to secede.
Secession of States
• Declared secession prior
to Lincoln’s election:
 South Carolina
 Mississippi
 Florida
 Alabama
 Georgia
 Louisiana
 Texas
• Declared secession after
Lincoln’s call for
troops:
 Virginia
 Arkansas
 Tennessee
 North Carolina
• Non-Seceded Slave
States:
 Delaware & Maryland
Union States
•California
•Connecticut
•Illinois
•Indiana
•Iowa
•Kansas
•Maine
•Massachusetts
•Michigan
•Minnesota
•New Jersey
•Ohio
•Oregon
•Pennsylvania
•Rhode Island
•Vermont
Border States
•West Virginia
•Kentucky
•Missouri
•Delaware
•Maryland
And so for the next six years the
Civil War would tear apart the
county.
The American Civil War
The War Begins
Battle of Bull Run
• Fist major bloodshed July 21 McDowell to attack.
three months after fort Sumter
fell.
• Union army of 30,000
inexperienced men.
• Union soldiers VS the
Confederate army.
• Bull run is located 25 miles
from the union capital
Washington D.C. Lincoln
commanded general Irvin
Battle of Bull Run
• Battle was a seesaw
affair Union army
gained upper hand but
confederates held firm
inspired by general
Thomas J. Jackson.
• “There is Jackson
standing like a stone
wall another general
shouted originating the
nick name stone wall
Jackson”.
Battle of Bull Run
• In Washington ladies
and gentlemen put on
their best clothes and
mounted their carriages.
Carrying baskets of
food and iced
champagne, they rode
out to observe the first
encounter of the war.
• When the confederates
forced the union to
retreat the Northern
Were blocked by the
carriages of the
panicking civilians.
After the disaster no one
in the North predicted
that the war would be
over and after just one
skirmish.
Battle of Shiloh
• In late march of 1862,
Ulysses S. Grant
gathered his troops near
a small Tennessee
church named Shiloh.
Battle of Shiloh
• On April 6 thousands of
yelling confederate
soldiers surprised the
union forces. Many
union troops were shot
while they were still
lying in their blankets
Battle of Shiloh
• Grant reorganized his
troops and he ordered
up reinforcements and
counterattacked at dawn
the following day,
• 100,000 troops were
killed, wounded or
captured.
Battle of Antietam
• This was named
Antietam because it was
fought near the river
named Antietam.
Battle of Antietam
• The general of the union
troops was McClellan.
• He ordered his men to
attack Lees army on
September 17,1862.
Battle of Antietam
• He was fired on
November 7, 1862 for
not pursuing Lee’s men
into Virginia.
• Lincoln said he had
“The Slows”
Battle of Antietam
• Antietam was the
bloodiest single day
battle in American
history casualties
numbered more than
26,000
The Generals of Civil War
Stonewall Jackson
• Thomas J. Jackson is his
real name.
• Was a south general
• He was involved in the
battle Bull Run
• Jackson was shot by his
own side and later died.
Robert E. Lee
• Robert E. Lee became
the general because
Joseph E. Johnston was
hurt
• General for the south
• He was against the
secession but he fought
for them because he
loved Virginia
• Lead the south in many
wars
George McClellan
• George McClellan fought
for the north
• Commander of new union
army
• George was vain, wasn’t
very aggressive
• He lead the battle of
Antietam
• November 7,1862 Lincoln
fired McClellan because he
wasn’t aggressive
Ulysses S. Grant
• Head when they invaded
western Tennessee
• Brave and tough
• Failed at everything he
did like whether as
farmer, bill collector and
more
• He is also known as
Unconditional surrender
Questions
• 1. In the beginning of the Civil War from these
facts who would you think would win the war?
• 2. What side do you think had better generals?
• 3. How big was the Union army during the
battle of Bull Run?
• 4. Who was the best general during the Civil
War?
• 5.What battle was named after a river?
Proclamation Emancipation
Act
The revolt begins
Proclamation
Emancipation
document
------
The Beginning
The northerners believed that
winning the war would not do
enough if the issue of slavery
was not permanently settled.
When the war raged on, the
President may of found a way
to end slavery with his power.
Proclamation under siege
The Proclamation
Emancipation did not free
any slaves immediately
because it applied only to
areas behind confederate
lines
Since the proclamation
did not have much
practical effect, it had
immense symbolic
importance.
Confederates reaction!
• the Confederates
reacted to the
Proclamation with outrage.
•
Emancipation Proclamationan executive order issued by
Abraham Lincoln on January 1st ,
1863, freeing the slaves in all
regions behind Confederate lines.
Britain's role
• A number of economic factors
made Britain no longer dependant
on Southern cotton.
• Britain found other sources of
cotton in Egypt and India. This
reduced the money and wealth
that the South had.
• Also, Britain found another
source of wheat in the Northern
States.
Britain Remains Neutral
• Britain remains neutral from 1861
to 1865.
Britain remained neutral
because they were against
slavery.
Conscription In The Civil War
• Conscription: it is a draft that would force certain
members of the population to go and serve in the
army.
• Both sides north and south needed more troops
because they were loosing to many soldiers. The
reason why they were loosing so many soldiers
because of high casualties and wide spread
desertion.
Conscription In The Civil War
UNION
• People had been drafted
into the war at ages
between 20-45 for three
years.
• 92% out of 2 million soldiers
had volunteered to join the
army.
• About 180,000 of the
people in he war were
African American soldiers
CONFEDERACY
• People were able to hire
substitutes to take their
places in the war if they had
300 dollars.
• About 90%of the southern
men had served in the
confederate army.
• Draft ages had started at 18
years old to 35 then it had
changed to 17 years old to
50 years old.
New York Draft Riots
People angered over the Union’s
drafting of civilians for the army
started violent riots in New York
City.
Where Did This Riot Happen
These riots
happened in 1863 in
New York City it was
a tinderbox just
waiting to explode.
When did this riot start
This riot had started in 1863 but for four days
from July 13-16 mobs rampaged throughout
the city, destroying buildings and beating
people.
Who Was Apart Of This Riot
Poor white workers and
Irish immigrants were
involved in the riots
also as antislavery
leaders. People had
attacked well-dressed
men on the streets and
they also had attacked
African Americans.
Why Did This Riot Happen
They were rioting
about poverty because
it was ever so present
but the main thing
they were rioting
about was freeing
slaves and ending
slavery forever.
How Was This Riot Solved
It had been solved by the federal
troops. They had ended the melee
but by the time they had ended it
more than 100 people laid dead.
Life During The War
The War Begins
Life for the People
• Very difficult time for
many people.
• Families divided in the
fight.
• Many jobs that needed
workers to proceed
with manufacturing.
• Woman given jobs
while men fight.
Factories
 During the war, most men
went to fight in the war
and left many job slots
open in the factories.
 While the men were out
to fight, the women were
left to take of the jobs and
work in the factories to
continue where the men
had left off.
 Women make most of the
guns and ammunition for
the men to use.
The House Divided
 Most people in their families
had to make a choice on
whether or not to fight for
the North or South.
 In some cases, the men
would fight on one side, but
their brothers might have
fought on the other.
 Most family ties would be
broken depending on what
side the men decided to
fight on if they didn’t fight
with their kin.
Women in the Factories
 Women mostly took up jobs
and joined support groups to
help out in the war.
 However, most of the
stronger women took jobs in
the factory to make guns and
ammunition for the men in
the war.
 Each of the women had
different shifts, and the
factories were working 24/7
with two different 12 hour
shifts.
Life for the Soldiers
• Fighting in the War
• Sleeping arrangements
• Weapons and supplies
Weapons and Supplies
 Many of the weapons and
supplies were based off of
the black powder designs,
especially the guns and
cannons.
 The ammunition was almost
the same but was mostly
made up of small iron balls.
 As for the normal provisions,
they were supplied with
bread and water mostly,
occasionally getting
something else to eat after a
hard earned victory in a
battle.
Fighting in the War
• Most of the fighting during
the war was brutal due to
the fact cannons and black
powder weapons were
introduced.
• During the time the North
was facing the South, there
were many battles,
ambushes, and surprise
assaults.
• One of the most famous
battles was the Battle of
Gettysburg.
Sleeping Arrangements
• Union soldiers mostly
slept in tents and cots,
also having blankets to
keep themselves warm in
the night.
• Confederate soldiers slept
mostly in stolen tents,
cots, and blankets from
the Union and favored
them over most of their
possessions during the
raid.
Economics During The War
• The economy during the
war was all based on who
was doing what with their
materials, depending on
the north or south.
• The North mostly had
focused on farming and
weapons manufacturing
due to most of their
factories, while the South
focused mostly on cotton
and farming.
Factories and Provisions
• Most of the factories in
the North provided
many supplies to the
soldiers.
• Besides the use of
factories, there were
also many farms in
support of the troops,
creating provisions to
ship to each of them.
Weapons Creation and Supplies
• Factories created the
supplies with the help
of women and supplies
were sent in by farmers.
Ammunition and Scavenging
• Most of the time the
women in the factories
created ammunition for the
soldiers to use in the war,
giving them the iron balls
and black powder.
• Other times, the soldiers
would go over to their
defeated enemies and
search their bodies for
useable items including
food, water, and anything
that would be of use to
them.
The Steady Income
• Most of the people in the
towns helped support the
troops by raising money and
other necessities to support
their troops depending on
where the towns were
located.
• There are numerous ways
that people raised money to
help them, most of which
were by farming and selling
crops or other things
created in the factories.
Le Fin…
• Exactly what it says, end
of this section O-o
of section 3…
The North Takes Charge
By Alicia Conley
&
Stephanie Cantwell
The Battle of Gettysburg
When: Started July 3- July 6, 1863
Where: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
What: Was the turning point of the Civil war
The Battle of Gettysburg
•
•
•
•
The North and the South both had staggering losses.
Total casualties were more then 30 %
North losses included 23,000 men killed or wounded.
South losses include 28,000 men killed or wounded.
The Battle of Vicksburg
When: Spring of 1863
Where: Vicksburg, Mississippi
• Vicksburg was one of the only two Confederate
holdouts preventing the Union from taking the
Mississippi River, a waterway to transport goods.
The Battle of Vicksburg
• Grant shelled the city from both the river and the land
side with a steady barrage of artillery.
• July 3,1863- Confederate commander of Vicksburg
asked Grant for terms of surrender.
Sherman’s March
When: September 1864
Where: Southeast through Georgia
Why: Decided to fight a different battle
Southeast through Georgia
Sherman’s March
•
•
•
•
Created a wide path of destruction.
Burned private homes
Destroyed train tracks, crops, killed livestock
Make Southerners so sick of war
Sherman’s March
• Burned most of Atlanta
• Destruction of southern resources
• Went into south Carolina followed by 25,000 from
slaves.
Sherman’s March
• Infected more damage in South Carolina then in
Georgia
• Burned almost every private house in its path
Sherman’s March
• Stopped destroying when entered north Carolina
South Surrender Appomattox
• Surrender on April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox
court house in Lincoln Virginia
• Between Ulysses said Grant the Robert E. Lee
surrender terms were generous.
The court house in Lincoln Virginia on April 9,
1865
Being sent Home.
South’s surrender Appomattox
• Southern soldiers paroled
• Sent home with their personal processions
• Horses and 3 days rations
The Southern Soldiers being sent home with horses
they own personal Processions.
South’s surrender Appomattox
• Southern officers wave allowed to keep their
side arms.
The Southern Officers.
The American Civil War
The Legacy of the War
Overview
The Civil War had effected the
nation politically and
economically.
The war also settled dispute
with the north and south.
Political Changes
•After the war, the
government had more
control over the country.
•No state ever seceded
after the war.
•Government passed an
income tax for the first
time.
Economic Changes
• War production did
much to help businesses
in the nation
• National railroad
system.
• National bank act
• Law that set up a system
of federally banks
Changes to the North
• Northern states got
better.
• Entrepreneurs got rich
they sold supply for the
war
Changes in the South
• Slavery ended which
means no free, cheap
labor
• Southern economy
changed drastically
– Many farms were ruined.
– Railroads were
destroyed.
– South remains poor for
decades.
– South had to rebuild.
Cost of the War
The Union and the Confederates
spent a combined total of about
3.3 billion dollars
New Birth of Freedom
• The Emancipation
Proclamation, freed
only Slaves that were
behind confederate
lives.
• The President believed
that only abolishing
slavery would be the
answer.
New Birth of Freedom Cont.
• Republican controlled
Senate approved
amendment in 1864,
but the houses large
democratic
membership did not
approve.
• By years end 27 states
including 8 from the
South had ratified The
Thirteenth Amendment
which would state
slavery should not be
used within the United
States.
Civilians Follow New Paths
• After war ended, those
who had served
Northerners and
Southerners had to find
new directions in their
lives.
• Some stayed in military
life as others to civilian
life.
Civilians follow New Paths Cont.
• William Tecusmech
remained in the army
and spent most of his
time in Arlington,
fighting Native
Americans.
• Union nurse Clara
Barton witnessed the
war during war and
spent the rest of her life
Helping others.
• When returning to the
Untied States Barton
helped find the
American Red Cross.
The Assassination of Lincoln
• On April 14,1865
Lincoln and his wife
went to Ford’s Theatre
in Washington to see a
comedy show.
• During the third act, a
man silently opened the
door to the presidential
box and crept up
behind Lincoln and shot
the president in the
back of the heads.
The Assassination of Lincoln
• The name of the
• The Manage to escape
assassin who killed
the scene with a broken
Lincoln was named John
leg from jumping on to
Wilkes-Booth.
the stage from were the
president was sitting.