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The American Civil War Attack on Fort Sumter Fort Sumter The Beginning of the Civil War The Beginning Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election. States Rights and Slavery South Carolina secedes and demands U.S. Army withdraw troops from Charleston’s harbor (January 1861) Lincoln Under Siege Confederate States’ armies take control of Charleston, except for Fort Sumter Lincoln ordered supply ships to Fort Sumter to assist Major Anderson protect the fort. Battle at Fort Sumter • April 12, 1861 Brigadier General Beauregard ordered the attack on Fort Sumter. • The battle lasted for two days without casualties. • Major Anderson surrendered on April 14th. Lincoln’s Decision • Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion. • This caused four more states to secede. Secession of States • Declared secession prior to Lincoln’s election: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas • Declared secession after Lincoln’s call for troops: Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina • Non-Seceded Slave States: Delaware & Maryland Union States •California •Connecticut •Illinois •Indiana •Iowa •Kansas •Maine •Massachusetts •Michigan •Minnesota •New Jersey •Ohio •Oregon •Pennsylvania •Rhode Island •Vermont Border States •West Virginia •Kentucky •Missouri •Delaware •Maryland And so for the next six years the Civil War would tear apart the county. The American Civil War The War Begins Battle of Bull Run • Fist major bloodshed July 21 McDowell to attack. three months after fort Sumter fell. • Union army of 30,000 inexperienced men. • Union soldiers VS the Confederate army. • Bull run is located 25 miles from the union capital Washington D.C. Lincoln commanded general Irvin Battle of Bull Run • Battle was a seesaw affair Union army gained upper hand but confederates held firm inspired by general Thomas J. Jackson. • “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall another general shouted originating the nick name stone wall Jackson”. Battle of Bull Run • In Washington ladies and gentlemen put on their best clothes and mounted their carriages. Carrying baskets of food and iced champagne, they rode out to observe the first encounter of the war. • When the confederates forced the union to retreat the Northern Were blocked by the carriages of the panicking civilians. After the disaster no one in the North predicted that the war would be over and after just one skirmish. Battle of Shiloh • In late march of 1862, Ulysses S. Grant gathered his troops near a small Tennessee church named Shiloh. Battle of Shiloh • On April 6 thousands of yelling confederate soldiers surprised the union forces. Many union troops were shot while they were still lying in their blankets Battle of Shiloh • Grant reorganized his troops and he ordered up reinforcements and counterattacked at dawn the following day, • 100,000 troops were killed, wounded or captured. Battle of Antietam • This was named Antietam because it was fought near the river named Antietam. Battle of Antietam • The general of the union troops was McClellan. • He ordered his men to attack Lees army on September 17,1862. Battle of Antietam • He was fired on November 7, 1862 for not pursuing Lee’s men into Virginia. • Lincoln said he had “The Slows” Battle of Antietam • Antietam was the bloodiest single day battle in American history casualties numbered more than 26,000 The Generals of Civil War Stonewall Jackson • Thomas J. Jackson is his real name. • Was a south general • He was involved in the battle Bull Run • Jackson was shot by his own side and later died. Robert E. Lee • Robert E. Lee became the general because Joseph E. Johnston was hurt • General for the south • He was against the secession but he fought for them because he loved Virginia • Lead the south in many wars George McClellan • George McClellan fought for the north • Commander of new union army • George was vain, wasn’t very aggressive • He lead the battle of Antietam • November 7,1862 Lincoln fired McClellan because he wasn’t aggressive Ulysses S. Grant • Head when they invaded western Tennessee • Brave and tough • Failed at everything he did like whether as farmer, bill collector and more • He is also known as Unconditional surrender Questions • 1. In the beginning of the Civil War from these facts who would you think would win the war? • 2. What side do you think had better generals? • 3. How big was the Union army during the battle of Bull Run? • 4. Who was the best general during the Civil War? • 5.What battle was named after a river? Proclamation Emancipation Act The revolt begins Proclamation Emancipation document ------ The Beginning The northerners believed that winning the war would not do enough if the issue of slavery was not permanently settled. When the war raged on, the President may of found a way to end slavery with his power. Proclamation under siege The Proclamation Emancipation did not free any slaves immediately because it applied only to areas behind confederate lines Since the proclamation did not have much practical effect, it had immense symbolic importance. Confederates reaction! • the Confederates reacted to the Proclamation with outrage. • Emancipation Proclamationan executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1st , 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines. Britain's role • A number of economic factors made Britain no longer dependant on Southern cotton. • Britain found other sources of cotton in Egypt and India. This reduced the money and wealth that the South had. • Also, Britain found another source of wheat in the Northern States. Britain Remains Neutral • Britain remains neutral from 1861 to 1865. Britain remained neutral because they were against slavery. Conscription In The Civil War • Conscription: it is a draft that would force certain members of the population to go and serve in the army. • Both sides north and south needed more troops because they were loosing to many soldiers. The reason why they were loosing so many soldiers because of high casualties and wide spread desertion. Conscription In The Civil War UNION • People had been drafted into the war at ages between 20-45 for three years. • 92% out of 2 million soldiers had volunteered to join the army. • About 180,000 of the people in he war were African American soldiers CONFEDERACY • People were able to hire substitutes to take their places in the war if they had 300 dollars. • About 90%of the southern men had served in the confederate army. • Draft ages had started at 18 years old to 35 then it had changed to 17 years old to 50 years old. New York Draft Riots People angered over the Union’s drafting of civilians for the army started violent riots in New York City. Where Did This Riot Happen These riots happened in 1863 in New York City it was a tinderbox just waiting to explode. When did this riot start This riot had started in 1863 but for four days from July 13-16 mobs rampaged throughout the city, destroying buildings and beating people. Who Was Apart Of This Riot Poor white workers and Irish immigrants were involved in the riots also as antislavery leaders. People had attacked well-dressed men on the streets and they also had attacked African Americans. Why Did This Riot Happen They were rioting about poverty because it was ever so present but the main thing they were rioting about was freeing slaves and ending slavery forever. How Was This Riot Solved It had been solved by the federal troops. They had ended the melee but by the time they had ended it more than 100 people laid dead. Life During The War The War Begins Life for the People • Very difficult time for many people. • Families divided in the fight. • Many jobs that needed workers to proceed with manufacturing. • Woman given jobs while men fight. Factories During the war, most men went to fight in the war and left many job slots open in the factories. While the men were out to fight, the women were left to take of the jobs and work in the factories to continue where the men had left off. Women make most of the guns and ammunition for the men to use. The House Divided Most people in their families had to make a choice on whether or not to fight for the North or South. In some cases, the men would fight on one side, but their brothers might have fought on the other. Most family ties would be broken depending on what side the men decided to fight on if they didn’t fight with their kin. Women in the Factories Women mostly took up jobs and joined support groups to help out in the war. However, most of the stronger women took jobs in the factory to make guns and ammunition for the men in the war. Each of the women had different shifts, and the factories were working 24/7 with two different 12 hour shifts. Life for the Soldiers • Fighting in the War • Sleeping arrangements • Weapons and supplies Weapons and Supplies Many of the weapons and supplies were based off of the black powder designs, especially the guns and cannons. The ammunition was almost the same but was mostly made up of small iron balls. As for the normal provisions, they were supplied with bread and water mostly, occasionally getting something else to eat after a hard earned victory in a battle. Fighting in the War • Most of the fighting during the war was brutal due to the fact cannons and black powder weapons were introduced. • During the time the North was facing the South, there were many battles, ambushes, and surprise assaults. • One of the most famous battles was the Battle of Gettysburg. Sleeping Arrangements • Union soldiers mostly slept in tents and cots, also having blankets to keep themselves warm in the night. • Confederate soldiers slept mostly in stolen tents, cots, and blankets from the Union and favored them over most of their possessions during the raid. Economics During The War • The economy during the war was all based on who was doing what with their materials, depending on the north or south. • The North mostly had focused on farming and weapons manufacturing due to most of their factories, while the South focused mostly on cotton and farming. Factories and Provisions • Most of the factories in the North provided many supplies to the soldiers. • Besides the use of factories, there were also many farms in support of the troops, creating provisions to ship to each of them. Weapons Creation and Supplies • Factories created the supplies with the help of women and supplies were sent in by farmers. Ammunition and Scavenging • Most of the time the women in the factories created ammunition for the soldiers to use in the war, giving them the iron balls and black powder. • Other times, the soldiers would go over to their defeated enemies and search their bodies for useable items including food, water, and anything that would be of use to them. The Steady Income • Most of the people in the towns helped support the troops by raising money and other necessities to support their troops depending on where the towns were located. • There are numerous ways that people raised money to help them, most of which were by farming and selling crops or other things created in the factories. Le Fin… • Exactly what it says, end of this section O-o of section 3… The North Takes Charge By Alicia Conley & Stephanie Cantwell The Battle of Gettysburg When: Started July 3- July 6, 1863 Where: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania What: Was the turning point of the Civil war The Battle of Gettysburg • • • • The North and the South both had staggering losses. Total casualties were more then 30 % North losses included 23,000 men killed or wounded. South losses include 28,000 men killed or wounded. The Battle of Vicksburg When: Spring of 1863 Where: Vicksburg, Mississippi • Vicksburg was one of the only two Confederate holdouts preventing the Union from taking the Mississippi River, a waterway to transport goods. The Battle of Vicksburg • Grant shelled the city from both the river and the land side with a steady barrage of artillery. • July 3,1863- Confederate commander of Vicksburg asked Grant for terms of surrender. Sherman’s March When: September 1864 Where: Southeast through Georgia Why: Decided to fight a different battle Southeast through Georgia Sherman’s March • • • • Created a wide path of destruction. Burned private homes Destroyed train tracks, crops, killed livestock Make Southerners so sick of war Sherman’s March • Burned most of Atlanta • Destruction of southern resources • Went into south Carolina followed by 25,000 from slaves. Sherman’s March • Infected more damage in South Carolina then in Georgia • Burned almost every private house in its path Sherman’s March • Stopped destroying when entered north Carolina South Surrender Appomattox • Surrender on April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox court house in Lincoln Virginia • Between Ulysses said Grant the Robert E. Lee surrender terms were generous. The court house in Lincoln Virginia on April 9, 1865 Being sent Home. South’s surrender Appomattox • Southern soldiers paroled • Sent home with their personal processions • Horses and 3 days rations The Southern Soldiers being sent home with horses they own personal Processions. South’s surrender Appomattox • Southern officers wave allowed to keep their side arms. The Southern Officers. The American Civil War The Legacy of the War Overview The Civil War had effected the nation politically and economically. The war also settled dispute with the north and south. Political Changes •After the war, the government had more control over the country. •No state ever seceded after the war. •Government passed an income tax for the first time. Economic Changes • War production did much to help businesses in the nation • National railroad system. • National bank act • Law that set up a system of federally banks Changes to the North • Northern states got better. • Entrepreneurs got rich they sold supply for the war Changes in the South • Slavery ended which means no free, cheap labor • Southern economy changed drastically – Many farms were ruined. – Railroads were destroyed. – South remains poor for decades. – South had to rebuild. Cost of the War The Union and the Confederates spent a combined total of about 3.3 billion dollars New Birth of Freedom • The Emancipation Proclamation, freed only Slaves that were behind confederate lives. • The President believed that only abolishing slavery would be the answer. New Birth of Freedom Cont. • Republican controlled Senate approved amendment in 1864, but the houses large democratic membership did not approve. • By years end 27 states including 8 from the South had ratified The Thirteenth Amendment which would state slavery should not be used within the United States. Civilians Follow New Paths • After war ended, those who had served Northerners and Southerners had to find new directions in their lives. • Some stayed in military life as others to civilian life. Civilians follow New Paths Cont. • William Tecusmech remained in the army and spent most of his time in Arlington, fighting Native Americans. • Union nurse Clara Barton witnessed the war during war and spent the rest of her life Helping others. • When returning to the Untied States Barton helped find the American Red Cross. The Assassination of Lincoln • On April 14,1865 Lincoln and his wife went to Ford’s Theatre in Washington to see a comedy show. • During the third act, a man silently opened the door to the presidential box and crept up behind Lincoln and shot the president in the back of the heads. The Assassination of Lincoln • The name of the • The Manage to escape assassin who killed the scene with a broken Lincoln was named John leg from jumping on to Wilkes-Booth. the stage from were the president was sitting.