Download Civil War

1861-1865
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The issue of slavery
Political division
Social impacts
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Slave States
Territories
Slave States
Free States
Candidate
Electoral Votes
Popular Vote
Lincoln
180
1,870,000
Douglas
12
1,380,000
Breckenridge
72
840,000
Bell
39
590,000
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What Southerners feared was now a
reality – a man had won the presidency
based on his dedication to antislavery
December 20, 1860 - South Carolina
met in convention and unanimously
adopted an ordinance of secession
February 1861- delegates from seven
states met in Alabama to adopt a new
constitution and elected Jefferson
Davis president
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
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The upper South was
undecided on secession
Republican party refused to do
anything to bring these
Southern states back in
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South did not have the constitutional right to secede
Federal authority in the South silently collapsed as officials
took positions under the Confederacy
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Two forts were built to
protect the U.S. against
foreign enemies; Ft.
Pickens in Pensacola,
Florida and Ft. Sumter in
Charleston, South Carolina
Both garrison commanders
retained allegiance to the
Union and would not lower
their flag!
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Reinforcements were sent to
Sumter but never made it
Lincoln only sends food, not
weapons or men
S.C. and the Confederacy felt
pressure to prove that they
were an independent nation
April 12, 1861 –
Confederates fire on Ft.
Sumter
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April 15, 1861 – Lincoln
issued a proclamation that
an insurrection existed in the
boundaries of the U.S
Lincoln called for 75,000
troops for 3 months
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Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia all joined
the Confederacy = 11 states total
Yet, the Confederate flag has 13 stars….???
Kentucky
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Missouri
Maryland
Delaware
These states were key to both
the Union and the
Confederacy
Maryland (surrounds
Washington, D.C.) and
Kentucky(industry/resources)
were the most important
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Had double the Confederacy’s population
North out produced the South in corn and wheat
Twice as many horses as the South
9/10s of nation’s industrial capacity
Twice as many railway lines
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Union was on the offensive
South was fighting for their families
and way of life
Fought on their own terrain near
supply lines
Just had to resist long enough to win
Superior military leadership
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July 1861 – Union and Confederate troops meet at
Manassas junction
Both armies are unseasoned and unorganized
The Confederacy claimed victory when the Union troops ran
away
This battle let both sides know that it was going to be a long
war
No more fighting in 1861 while both sides built up their
armies
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The Civil War is often
referred to as the first
modern war because of
the use of the rifled
musket
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July 1863
Union stood strong for three days
Great Union victory
Bloodiest battle of the war
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Promoted to General
during the Mexican War
Took command of
Confederate forces in the
Shenandoah Valley
Lee’s greatest Lieutenant
until he was shot at
Chancellorsville and died
of pneumonia shortly after
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First to be offered field
command of UNION troops
by Lincoln, but refused
Successful in many early
battles, but his defeat at
Gettysburg constituted the
turning point of the war
Commander of the
Northern Virginia troops,
but he became
commander of all
Confederate armies in Feb.
1865
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Hero of the West
Became supreme
commander of the Union
forces March 1864
He wore down Lee’s forces
forcing thesurrender at
Appomattox, VA on April 9,
1865
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After Shiloh was promoted
to major general
Captured Atlanta then
began his “March to the
Sea” to capture Savannah,
Georgia (1864)
Took command of U.S.
army in 1869 after Grant
became president
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To retain the loyalty of the border states Lincoln had
resisted demands of the radical Republicans for abolition
The Proclamation declared that slaves in all areas still in
rebellion were “then, henceforward, and forever free.”
Helps the war effort by offering a moral reason to fight
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Sherman led 62,000 men
without supplies
Orders were to live off the
country and destroy war
supplies, public buildings,
railroads and factories
Sherman’s actions here
are the reason he is often
referred to as the first
modern general
Start
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Union soldiers surround
Lee in Virginia – no
possible escape route
Confederate troops
desperate – many starving
April 9, 1865
Appomattox Court House,
Virginia
Lincoln Assassinated!
• April 14, 1865 - Lincoln
was shot by John
Wilkes Booth, a radical
Confederate supporter,
while watching a
performance of Our
American Cousin
• He was carried
unconscious across the
street where he died the
next morning
600,000 dead
 South devastated
 Slavery ended with the Thirteenth Amendment, December
18, 1865
Many questions unaswered…
 Who will be responsible for deciding how to deal with the
rebellious South? Congress? The president?
 Will the new president, Andrew Johnson, a southerner,
follow Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction?
 What will the status of the freemen be?
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