Download U.S. History Core 100, Goal 3

U.S. History Core 100,
Goal 3
Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction
(1848-1877)
The learner will analyze the issues that led to
the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the
impact of Reconstruction on the nation.
 The
people can decide by vote if they
would like slavery in the territories or
not
 Kansas, Nebraska = open to slavery
through popular sovereignty in the
1850s
 Affected the new territory
 P.S. = people select ; popular
sovereignty
 Stephen
Douglas
 Transcontinental railroad
 Kansas, Nebraska = open to slavery
through popular sovereignty in the
1850s
 Overturned Missouri Compromise
 Led to Bleeding Kansas
 Pro
vs. Anti-slavery
 John Brown
 In
1830s, a growing number of
Americans opposed slavery
 Demanded an immediate end to
slavery in the South
 William Lloyd Garrison
– The Liberator
 Frederick
Douglass
– The North Star
 Grimke
Sisters





1857
Supreme Court ruled
that African
Americans were not
citizens and therefore
could not sue in court
The decision outraged
Northerners and was
supported by
Southerners
Completely overturned
Missouri Compromise
Cause of Civil War

16th president; Republican
from Illinois
– President during Civil War
Wanted to preserve the
Union
 Passed the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth on April 15, 1865

After the Battle of Antietam
 Passed by Abraham Lincoln on
September 22, 1862
 Slaves in states at war with Union would
be freed as of January 1, 1863

– Many slaves fled to the North
– As the Union army advanced in the South,
thousands were freed
Slavery officially ends w/ the 13th
Amendment in Dec. of 1865
 Changes goal of war to moral issue

Causes
Course
States’ rights
Ft. Sumter
Nationalism
Anaconda Plan
Sectionalism
Antietam
Secession
(CSA:
Confederate
States of
America;
President=
Jefferson
Davis)
Gettysburg
Slavery
Vicksburg
Sherman’s
March to the
Sea
Appomattox
Consequences
Reunification of
N. and S.
Reconstruction
(1865-1877)
Civil War
Amendments
(13, 14, 15)
 July
1-3 1863
 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
 Union: George G. Meade
 Confederate: Robert E. Lee
 Union Wins
 Bloodies battle of the Civil War
– 46,000 – 51,000 causalities
Lincoln and Johnson
 Amnesty (pardon) to all Southerners taking
an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and accepting
its proclamation of slavery
 10% of a state’s voters in 1860 presidential
election take oath, can organize new state
government
 Former members of CSA’s government would
not receive pardon
 New state gov’ts


Leaders:
– Thaddeus Stevens of Penn.
– Charles Sumner of Mass.
Military Reconstruction
 Must ratify 14th Amendment
 PUNISH the south!
 3 main goals:

– Prevent CSA leaders from returning to power
– Republican Party to become powerful in South
– Federal government to help African Americans
achieve political equality
13th
End of
Slavery
Slavery
banned in
U.S.
14th
Defines
citizenship as
anyone born or
naturalized in
the United
States
All citizens have
equal protection
under the law
15th
African
American
men are
given the
right to vote
 Settled
the disputed Presidential
election of 1876
 Rutherford B. Hayes wins election
 Ends Reconstruction in the South
State and local laws in the U.S. from 1876
– 1965
 Passed to legally separate the races in
public places
 Facilities were supposedly “separate but
equal”

– Examples: Segregation in public schools,
public transportation, public restrooms
– Upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1898
Sharecropping: farmers who farmed
portions of the plantation but furnished
nothing but their labor
 Tenant Farming: supplied their own mules,
seeds, and provisions. The planter was
given a percentage of the crop.
 Freedman’s Bureau: help former slaves by
providing them with food, education, and
helping them find work
 Carpetbaggers: Northerners who went
South during Reconstruction for various
reasons
