Download North

The Civil War
AP Chapters 20 & 21
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“Manifest Destiny”
Lincoln had campaigned
against the spread of
slavery…
Buchanan had done
nothing to ease the
situation…
Lincolns 1st Inaugural
Address…
Fort Sumter
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April 12, 1861
Lincoln…
P.G.T. Beauregard…
A bloodless start…
Lincoln calls for
75,000 Volunteers
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To put down the
“insurrection”…
Abuses executive power
 Authorizes spending
without congress
 Suspends the writ of
habeas corpus
VA, NC, AR, TN secede –
Confederate capitol moves to
Richmond
The Border States
Wartime Advantages
North
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Military
 Population:22 million…
 800,000 immigrants…
 180,000 African Americans
would enter…
Economic
 85% of factories…
 70% of railroads…
 65% of farmlands…
Political
 Strong central government
South
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Military
 Population:5 ½ million…
 Defensive war…
 Experienced generals…
Economic
 Overseas demand for cotton…
Political
 Struggle for independence…
Union Strategy
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Anaconda Plan…
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Initially ineffective –
3,500 miles of
coastline…
Blockade runners…
Unable to win an
early decisive
battle…
War of Attrition…
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)- July 1861
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Only 30 miles from
D.C….
“Stonewall”
Jackson…
Large psychological
impact…
Army of the Potomac
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Gen. George
McClellan
Overcautious always
thought he was
outnumbered…
Frustrated Lincoln…
The War at Sea
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The Trent Affair…
The CSS Alabama…
Confederates attempt
to get Laird Rams…
Monitor vs. Merrimac – March 1862
Peninsula Campaign (April-June 1862)
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McClellan tries to
flank Richmond…
Robert E. Lee
emerges to thwart
the attack…
Gen. John Pope
replaces McClellan
Second Bull Run (Manassas) July-August 1862
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Lee strikes quickly at
Pope and forces him
into a trap…
Federals withdraw to
Washington…
Lincoln replaces
Pope with McClellan
Antietam (September 1862)
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Lee invades Maryland…
McClellan intercepts Lee’s
plans…
Bloodiest day of the war…
Considered one of the most
decisive battles in world
history…
Lee retreats, McClellan
doesn’t pursue.. (he’s replaced
by Ambrose Burnside)
Really a “draw” but Lincoln
considers it a badly needed
victory…
Emancipation
Proclamation
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Effective Jan. 1, 1863
Changed the moral
cause of the war…
Only freed slaves in
areas of rebellion…
Reaction
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North
South
Europe
Shiloh (April 1862)
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Grant had captured
Fort Henry & Fort
Donelson in Feb…
Albert Johnston
surprises Grant at
Shiloh…
Over 23,000 killed
wounded or
missing…
Chancellorsville (May 1863)
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Lee had defeated Burnside at
Fredericksburg in 1862 – he
was replaced by Joseph
Hooker…
At Chancellorsville Lee…
Stonewall Jackson…
“I have lost my right arm…”
Hooker is replaced by George
Meade…
Gettysburg (July 1-3 1863)
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Lee invades PA…
Bloodiest battle of
Civil War…
1st Day:
Confederates take
Gettysburg – Union
takes high ground
(Little Round Top &
Cementary Ridge)
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Day 2: Lee tries to
flank Union right and
left…they hold
Day 3: Lee orders
George Pickett to
charge the center…
“High Tide of the
Confederacy”…
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Lee retreats …
Meade doesn’t
pursue…
Gettysburg Address
(November 1863)…
Vicksburg Falls (July 4, 1863)
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7month siege…
Last Confederate
stronghold on the
Mississippi…
Cuts Confederacy in
half…
Sherman’s March To the Sea (Sept.-Dec. 1864)
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Burns Atlanta and SC
to the ground…
60 miles wide – 300
miles long path of
destruction…
“Total War”…
Politics & the Election of 1864
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Copperheads…
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“Butternut Region”
Clement L.
Vallandigham
Congressional
Committee on the
Conduct of the War…
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Salmon P. Chase…
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Vallandigham
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Peace Democrats
nominate McClellan…
Union Party (Republicans
and War Democrats)
nominate Lincoln
 VP Andrew Johnson
(TN)
 “Don’t swap horses in
the middle of the river”
 Lincoln felt…
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
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“With malice towards
none, with charity for
all…”
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
(May 1864 – April 1865)
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Grant promoted over Meade
after Gettysburg…
His strategy – constant
attack…would result in 50,000
Union casualties…
“Grant the Butcher” Heavy
Union losses but keeps
pressure on Lee…
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Wilderness
Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor
Petersburg
Richmond
Appomattox Court House, VA – April 9, 1865
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Generous terms of
surrender…
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Horses…
Grant: “The war is
over…”
“Honest Abe” asks
the band to play
Dixie…
April 14, 1865 (Good Friday)
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Lincoln goes to
Ford’s Theatre to
watch Our American
Cousin…
Assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth
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“Sic semper
Tyrannus”
Part of a larger
conspiracy…
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Most destructive 620,000 die
over a million total casualties
unknown number of civilian
dead
Cost $15 billion (about $1.5
trillion today)
4 Million Slaves freed
Accelerated industrialization
and modernization of the U.S.
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Railroads & Steel Industry
Textiles
Food Processing