Download reconstruction period - Awtrey Middle School

USI.10 RECONSTRUCTION
USI.10A Identify the provisions of the 13th, 14th, & 15th
Amendments to the Constitution of the U.S. and their impact
on the expansion of freedom in America.
USI.10B Describe the impact of Reconstruction on policies
on the South.
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USI.10 RECONSTRUCTION
PERIOD
1865 - 1877
“I Will Survive” (5)
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LINCOLN’S 10% PLAN
• The South has suffered
enough.
• Allow states to reenter the Union with
only 10% swearing
allegiance to the
United States.
• Died before he could
carry it out.
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President Johnson’s Plan
• Followed Lincoln’s
lead and tried to make
the Reconstruction
Period quick and
painless.
• Problem: He was
from TN (a Southern
state).
• Impeached; not guilty
by one vote
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Johnson’s Impeachment
• Radical Republican Congress passed the “Tenure
of Office Act” which made it illegal to fire anyone
without Congress’ permission.
• President Johnson fired Edwin M. Stanton, a
Cabinet member.
• House of Representatives passed a Bill of
Impeachment.
• Senate tried President Johnson.
• He was found “Not Guilty” by one vote and
remained President until the end of his term.
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Johnson’s Plan (details)
• States had to swear an
Oath of Allegiance to the
U.S.
• States had to ratify
(approve) the 13th
Amendment freeing the
slaves.
• He pardoned officers.
• He favored States’ Rights
as to allowing Freedmen
to vote.
• He did not support the
Freedman’s Bureau.
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Radical Republican Plan
Congress’ Plan
• Supported the Freedman’s
Bureau
• Supported the Civil Rights
Act of 1866 outlawing
Black Codes
• States had to pass the 13th,
14th, & 15th Amendments
to rejoin the Union
• Divide the South into 5
military Districts.
• Support for equal rights
for African Americans.
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FREEDMAN’S BUREAU
• Created schools
• Created hospitals
• Created industrial
institutes
• Created teachertraining centers
• Distributed food and
clothing
“I’ll Be There” (2)
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RECONSTRUCTION
AMENDMENTS
• 13TH Amendment – banned slavery in the
U.S. and any of its territories.
• 14th Amendment – granted citizenship to
all persons born in the U.S. (defined
citizenship)
• 15th Amendment – gave all male citizens
the right to vote.
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Who are These People?
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Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Freedmen
Fugitives
Radical Republicans
Sharecroppers
Tenant farmers
Jim Crow
“Looking for Love” (5)
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SCALAWAG
• A Southerner who supported the North
during the Civil War
• Considered a traitor by the other
Southerners.
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CARPETBAGGER
• A Northerner who went South after the
Civil War to make money or get rich
quick.
• Despised by the Southerners.
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FREEDMAN
• A freed slave after the Civil War.
• He had nothing but the clothes on his/her
back.
• Freedman’s Bureau was created to help
them (education, jobs, food, etc.).
• Discriminated against by Southerners who
blamed them for the war.
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FUGITIVES
• People who fled either North to the cities
for work or to the West to escape
discrimination.
• Most of the fugitives were ex-slaves
(freedmen).
• Also poor whites who had lost everything in
the war.
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RADICAL REPUBLICANS
• Members of Congress (from Northern states
only) who wanted the South to pay for the
Civil War.
• Thaddeus Stevens was one of the leaders.
• Johnson was impeached because he fired
Edwin M. Stanton (Cabinet member) who
was a Radical Republican.
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SHARECROPPERS
• Freedmen became sharecroppers since they owned
no land and had no money to supply seeds for a
crop.
• Landowners received most of the crop and the
sharecroppers received a place to stay and some of
the crop that they worked to raise.
• They usually ended up owing the land-owner
money at the end of the harvest. (debt)
“In the Ghetto” (2)
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TENANT FARMERS
• People (mostly freedmen) who lived on a
farm and worked for the owner in order to
have a place to stay and to get food.
• Poor farmers who worked very hard to
survive.
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JIM CROW
• Not a real person.
• Laws that were passed to control the
Freedmen (ex-slaves).
• Segregation laws passed in most formerly
Confederate States.
“Jimmy Crackcorn” (1)
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CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866
• Gave equal rights to African Americans.
• When Reconstruction ended in 1877 most
of the rights were lost until the 1960’s and
Reverend Martin Luther King’s Civil Rights
Movement.
“Let My People Go” (1)
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Voting Problems for Freedmen
• “Grandfather Clause” – blacks could vote if their
grandfathers had voted.
• Poll tax – everyone had to pay to vote; blacks had
no money to pay.
• Literacy tests – people could vote, if they could
pass a test to prove literacy.
• KKK (Ku Klux Klan) – organization formed by
Nathan Bedford Forrest to keep blacks under
control; cruel and used “fear” as a weapon.
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