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The Civil War
1861-1865
Chapter 16
The Two Sides
16-1
Pages 460-465
Choosing Sides
• After South Carolina secede from the
Union, five states left the Union and
formed the Confederacy in February of
1861.
• By June five more states joined the
Confederacy.
Choosing Sides
Confederate States
• South Carolina
Dec.30, 1860
• Mississippi
Jan.9, 1861
• Florida
Jan. 10,1861
• Alabama
Jan. 11, 1861
• Georgia
Jan, 19, 1861
Choosing Sides
Confederate States
• Louisiana
Jan. 26, 1861
• Texas
Feb. 1, 1861
• Arkansas
May 6, 1861
• North Carolina
May 20, 1861
• Virginia
April 17, 1861
• Tennessee
June 8, 1861
The Confederate Government
President
Jefferson Davis
Vice President
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton
Stephens
Robert Toombs
Secretary of War
Secretary of the Treasury
Attorney General
Secretary of the Navy
Leroy Pope Walker
Christopher Memminger
Judith P Benjamin
Stephen Mallory
Postmaster General
John H Regan
Capital
Montgomery, Alabama then
Richmond, Virginia
Choosing Sides
• The Confederacy choose Richmond,
Virginia as their capital. It was 100 miles
from the Union capital of Washington, D.C.
Choosing Sides
Union
• Maine
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• Vermont
• New York
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Jersey
•Pennsylvania
•Ohio
Choosing Sides
Union
• Indiana
• Illinois
• Iowa
• Wisconsin
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Kansas
•Oregon
•California
Choosing Sides
Border States
• Maryland- close to Richmond, excellent
railroad lines and held the Union capital
within its borders.
• Delaware- close to Philadelphia
• Kentucky- controlled the Ohio River
• Missouri-control of the Mississippi River
• West Virginia- joined the Union after
breaking away from Virginia
Choosing Sides
Most white Southerners supported
secession, but people in the Appalachian
region of Tennessee and Virginia opposed
it.
In Virginia a movement to secede from the
state and rejoin the Union grew. The
separate state of West Virginia joined the
Union in 1863.
Choosing Sides
Discussion Question
Why was Maryland the most important
border state?
Maryland was the most important border state
because it was about 100 miles from
Washington D.C. It had important railroad lines.
If Maryland had seceded, Confederates would
have surrounded the North’s government in
Washington, D.C.
Comparing North and South
Advantages of the North
• A larger population
22 million people ( about 10 million more
than the South. The South had 9 million
free citizens and 3.5 million slaves)
Choosing Sides
Advantages of the North
More factories that could produce finish
products such as guns, uniforms, and
military supplies.
In addition these factories could produce
canned food products.
Choosing Sides
Advantages of the North
A bigger and better navy and merchant
marine.
Choosing Sides
Advantages of the North
Railway system twice as large as the
South’s to move troops and supplies
Choosing Sides
Advantages of the North
Most of the banks and cash in the United
States were located in the North.
The Advantages of the South
• Better military leaders at the beginning of the
War
• Home court advantage- Most of the war was
fought in the South on familiar terrain.
• More skilled horsemen and riflemen
• Strong support for the war from the South’s
population.
War Aims
The major goals of the North were to:
• Restore the Union by bringing the
Southern states that seceded back into the
Union
• End slavery
War Aims
The Union Plan
1. Blockade Southern ports to prevent
supplies from entering and cotton from
being exported.
2. Gain control of the Mississippi River to
cut Southern supply lines and to split the
Confederacy
3. Capture Richmond the Confederate
capital
War Aims
The South’s war goal was to win
recognition as an independent nation so
the South could preserve their traditional
way of life, including slavery.
War Aims
The Confederate Plan
1.The Confederacy thought that the
North would tire quickly so their aim
was to hold as much territory as
possible.
2.To obtain Britain and France as allies.
3. To move North and attack northern
cities especially Washington, D.C.
Choosing Sides
Discussion Question
What do you feel was the greatest
advantage and disadvantage of both the
North and the South?
American People at War
• Soldiers came from all walks of life although
many came from farms.
• One difficult aspect of the Civil War was that
Americans were fighting other Americans.
• The average age of most soldiers was 25 years,
but about 40 percent were 21 years or younger.
• A soldiers term of service was 90 days at first
but then longer when the war did not come to a
quick end as many has speculated.
American People at War
• The number of soldiers from the North and
South differed greatly.
• By the summer of 1861, the Confederate
army ( Rebels) numbered 112,000.
• The Union ( Yankees) numbered about
187,000.
American People at War
• By the end of the war 850,000 men fought
for the Confederacy and about 2.1 million
men fought for the Union.
• About 200,000 African Americans fought
for the Union and about 10,000 Hispanics
fought in the conflict.
American People at War
• Both sides expected the war to end
quickly.
• Not all leaders shared this opinion,
Northern General William Tecumseh
Sherman predicted a very long war.
Choosing Sides
Discussion Question
What made fighting the Civil War difficult?
Although many thought it was going to be
a quick and easy war to win this was not to
be the case. Americans found it difficult as
many were fighting no only fellow
Americans but family members.