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The Civil War (1861-1865) Part One: Rise of the South Secession • 11 states seceded from the Union, and created a new country: The Confederate States of America North vs. South • The North (The Union, Yankees) • Strengths – – – – 24 states, 22 million people Good railroad network 85% of American industry Navy • Weaknesses – Inexperienced military – Lack of motivation North vs. South • The South (The Confederates, Rebels) • Strengths – Experienced leadership & soldiers – Dedication • Weaknesses – 11 states, 9 million people – Very little industry – No navy – Reliance on foreign trade The South unites • The South wrote a state’s rights friendly constitution • Jefferson Davis was elected president The South unites • In the North, General Winfield Scott & Abraham Lincoln picked a man they trusted to lead the Union army in case war began. The South unites • He chose General Robert E. Lee, from Virginia • Lee asked for time to consider his promotion The South unites • When he gave his answer, Lee stated, “I could not, in good conscious, raise arms against my home (Virginia)” Washington, DC Lee’s home – Arlington, VA The South Unites • Shortly after Lee turned down the Union, Jefferson Davis asked Lee to take the lead of the Southern troops • Robert E. Lee became the leader of the Confederate Army. • Lee began his career working in Richmond, the Confederate capitol, advising Davis. Fort Sumter - 1861 • In many cases, Union troop abandoned US forts in the South. • Not Fort Sumter, South Carolina Fort Sumter • Major Robert Anderson refused to sacrifice the supplies and the fort to the rebels • A stand-off ensued Fort Sumter • The Confederate forces opened fire, and Fort Sumter became the first battle of the Civil War WAR!!! • It was now obvious that war was the only way to preserve the Union. Both sides predicted a quick victory (90 days) • An army of 35,000 Left Washington, DC to invade Virginia WAR!! • 22,000 Confederate troops, under the command of General Joseph Johnston, defended Bull Run Creek in Manassas, VA WAR!!! • The Battle of First Manassas (or Bull Run) was the first major confrontation in the Civil War WAR!! • The hero of the Battle of Bull Run was General Thomas Jackson • His heroics would earn him the nickname “Stonewall” The Anaconda Plan • Realizing that they simply cannot walk into the South and win, General Winfield Scott developed a plan. The Anaconda Plan • The plan for victory was meant to cut off the South by: – A naval blockade – Control of the Mississippi River The Peninsula Campaign • The Union regrouped and sent in a second invasion of Virginia. The Peninsula Campaign • However, the Union commander, General McClellan, was a nervous commander who did not attack unless he was 100% sure he had the advantage Union 100,000 troops Fresh soldiers Well supplied Naval support Confederates 50,000 troops Weary troops Running low No navy Peninsula Campaign • Lee took direct control of the Confederate army in the middle of the fighting • Because of heavy Confederate resistance, McClellan withdrew. Antietam • Lee decided to pursue the fleeing Union army • He organized a plan that divided his forces for an attack into Maryland Antietam • Lee’s Special Order No. 191 – A detailed instruction to one of Lee’s generals was found by Union troops. Antietam • The Union was waiting and defended the fields of Antietam, MD. • The Confederate invasion was pushed back after a bloody battle The fields of Antietam The Emancipation Proclamation • After Antietam, Abraham Lincoln released the Emancipation Proclamation. • It announced that all slaves living in the rebel states were free Lee’s Plan • Robert E. Lee knew that the Union’s strengths in both population and industry would eventually overwhelm the South. • He made new plans to invade the North, hoping to turn the people against the war and Lincoln. • The North would invade once more, and in this invasion, Lee would lose his best man, Stonewall Jackson. A new leader • Meanwhile, one general was given the task of conquering the Mississippi River. • This man would eventually lead the Union to ultimate victory. Assignment • Throughout the war, the Union made incredible efforts to increase the strength of its armies by recruiting new soldiers. Your assignment is to create a recruitment poster. • Your poster should include: – A mention of the first battle, Fort Sumter, and the year (20 points) – A mention of the Emancipation Proclamation and the goals of the Union (20 points) – Visual representations of the war (20 points) – “eye-catching” visual appeal (40 points)