* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download war of attrition - werkmeisteramericanhistoryii
Battle of Malvern Hill wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Antietam wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Chancellorsville wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fredericksburg wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Seven Pines wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Sailor's Creek wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Donelson wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cumberland Church wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
Battle of White Oak Road wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Appomattox Station wikipedia , lookup
Second Battle of Corinth wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Gaines's Mill wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Ulysses S. Grant and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Cedar Creek wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Shiloh wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Western Theater of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Wilderness wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 12: The Civil War (1861-1865) Section 4: The Final Phase The end is near… A quick review… So…how did Fredericksburg go for the North? How did Chancellorsville go for the North? Did anything significant happen at Chancellorsville for the South? The Southern Army After victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, General Lee has begun to think that his men are invincible. His confidence in his men will lead him to develop his most ambitious plan yet. Lee’s Second Invasion Lee is going to plan a second invasion of the North. This would: 1. spare war-weary Virginia from further fighting 2. allow Lee to re-supply and feed his hungry troops by seizing provisions from the enemy How had the first invasion gone? Lee’s Second Invasion In June 1863 Lee crossed into Pennsylvania. Lincoln urged General Hooker to attack the Confederates before they could consolidate their troops. – consolidate: to bring all troops together Hooker hesitated, fearing that Lee outnumbered him. – Who does this remind Lincoln of? Lincoln replaces General Hooker with General George Meade. Lee’s Second Invasion By the end of June 1863 about 75,000 Confederates were massing near Gettysburg, PA. Scouts reported that there was a supply of shoes in the town, and the Confederates formed a raiding party. As the party approached the town, they were met by Union fire. July 1st – Day 1 The Confederates pushed the Union line back to Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge. The South held Seminary Ridge, a lower line of hills about a ½ mile away. End of Day 1 The Union held the high ground. Lee knew his troops were in danger. Lee expected that the North would be reinforced soon, so he decided to attack quickly. July 2nd – Day 2 In order to reach Union troops on the left, Confederate soldiers had pass through very difficult terrain. Fighting was especially fierce in an area known as Devil’s Den. July 2nd – Day 2 Union General Strong Vincent had troops stationed on a small hill called Little Round Top. Colonel Lawrence Chamberlain will lead the 20th Maine in a bayonet charge to fend off attacking Confederate soldiers on this hill. July 3rd – Day 3 Lee ordered 15,000 men commanded by George Pickett to rush the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. July 3rd – Day 3 Less than half of the Confederate soldiers reached the top of the ridge during Pickett’s Charge. It was a devastating defeat for the Confederates, in much the same way Fredericksburg was for the North. Results… Casualties: – Union: 23,000 – Confederacy: 28,000 Bad weather prevented General Meade from pursuing the Confederates as they retreated back into Virginia. The Union had had the opportunity to end the war, but had not been able to do so. Results… Gettysburg will mark the turning point of the war, when the tide of battle turns in favor of the Union. In November 1863, Lincoln will travel to Gettysburg and deliver the famous Gettysburg Address. Chapter 12: The Civil War (1861-1865) Section 4: The Final Phase The end is near… Lincoln Finds His General The war was continuing in the West, and General Grant won several significant battles. Lincoln soon recognized Grant’s invaluable leadership. Vicksburg Grant needed to take control of Vicksburg, Mississippi in order to secure the Mississippi River and surrounding area. For six weeks Grant laid siege to the city, preventing any Confederate reinforcements. Vicksburg During the long siege, residents began eating mules and rats to keep from starving. On July 3, 1863, Grant and Confederate General John Pemberton discussed surrender. In the end… With the victory at Vicksburg and a later victory at Port Hudson, Louisiana, the Union had cut Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas off from the rest of the Confederacy. War of Attrition Lincoln promotes Grant to general in chief, commander of all Union forces. Grant informed Lincoln that he would march on Richmond, take his losses, and move on. Grant planned a war of attrition. – to continue fighting until the South ran out of men, supplies, and will to fight War of Attrition Grant pushed on and on, forcing Lee to keep his tired men in battle. The armies fought at Spotsylvania Court House, VA in May 1864. In June 1864, the armies met at Petersburg, VA. Grant began laying siege to Petersburg. Grant’s strategy was slowly succeeding. – Why? Sherman’s March to the Sea Union General William Tecumseh Sherman matched General Grant’s will to fight. Grant made Sherman commander of the Tennessee army. While Grant fought Lee, Sherman waged a war on southern railroads and industries. Sherman’s March to the Sea In early May 1864, he moved 100,000 troops out of Tennessee toward Atlanta, Georgia. On the way, Sherman continually outmaneuvered the Confederate forces. Atlanta fell on September 2, 1864, and the Confederates lost their last railroad link across the Appalachians. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman ordered the residents to evacuate, and then set fire to the city. Sherman’s success renewed hope in the North that the war would soon be over. Lincoln would go on to win the 1864 Presidential election. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman went on to the port city of Savannah, Georgia. Sherman’s men destroyed everything in their path that they could not use themselves. They uprooted crops, burned farmhouses, slaughtered livestock, and tore up railroad tracks. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman was fighting a total war. – In order to win a war, the Union must strike at the economy of the enemy. In December 1864, Sherman reached Savannah. One month later, Sherman turned north to link up with Grant’s army. Appomattox Courthouse As Sherman moved north, Grant was battering Richmond. On April 2, 1865, Lee withdrew from Richmond, with Grant right behind. The Union took the capital. Appomattox Courthouse Lee fled west, hoping to link up with other armies, as his army was half the size of Grant’s. Grant cut off the escape. Lee was down to 30,000 starving and exhausted men. Lee asked for terms of surrender. Appomattox Courthouse On April 9, 1865, Grant and Lee met in a house in the tiny Virginia village of Appomattox Courthouse. Appomattox Courthouse The terms: 1. Confederate officers could keep their side arms. 2. All soldiers would be fed and allowed to keep their horses and mules. 3. None would be tried for treason. Appomattox Courthouse Colonel Lawrence Chamberlain was selected to lead the official surrender ceremony. He instructed the Union army to stand in attention in respect as the Confederate army passed by. “The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.” -General Grant The End On April 26, 1865, General Joseph Johnston surrendered to General Sherman under similar terms in Durham Station, North Carolina. Yay! The war was over.